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Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879. He was born in...

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879. He was born in the city of Ulm, Wurtemberg, Germany. He was raised in a secular, middle class he was part of a Jewish family. His father was Hermann Einstein. His father was a salesman and engineer with his bother founded a company that made electrical equipment that was in Munich, Germany. The company was called Elektrotechnische is he Fabrik J. Einstein and Cie. Albert Einstein’s mother was Pauline Einstein, she ran the family household. Albert Einstein had only one sister named Maja Einstein she was two years younger than Albert. Albert Einstein went to Luitpold Gymnasium elementary school in Munich, he came through with his studies. Albert liked old music and he played the violin. Albert†¦show more content†¦Without the duplicate of a high school diploma he failed much of the entrance exam but got strange marks in math and medication. As of this, he was accepted to the school added that he complete his official schoolin g first. He went to a special high school ran by Jost Winteler in Aarau, Switzerland, and he passed in the year 1896 at the age of seventeen. He did become friends for life with the Winteler family that he had been boarding with Albert Einstein fell in love with the Wintelers’ Daughter named Mavie. Albert Einstein announced that he had a German Citizenship to avoid having to go into military service and he enrolled in the Zurich school. Einstein recalled the years he was in Zurich was some of the most joyful years of his life. Albert met a lot of students who would be his loyal friends like Marcel Grossman, The mathematician, and Michele Besso he likes lengthy talks with about space and time. Albert also met his future wife Mileva Maric she was a fellow physics student from Serbia. After Einstein passed from the polytechnic Institute Albert had to face a couple of years. As of this he liked to study on his own time Albert skipped classes and got the animosity of some of Alber t’s professors. One in mind Heinrich Weber wrote Albert a letter of recommendation at his request that had led to getting turned down for every one of his academic position that he tried to get into after graduation. While his relationship looking at her

International Marketing Substitutes World Market

Question: Describe about the International Marketing for Substitutes World Market. Answer: Introduction The report is about internalization of the product Almas Caviar. The company wants to expand their market from Iran to Japan. Almas Caviar is considered as the most expensive Caviar among other caviars in the world. The report will describe various aspects such as features of Japanese market in terms of Almas Caviar, SWOT Analysis, strategic planning, competitive advantage, segmentation and internalization of the product will be described in details in the perspectives of Japanese market. The study also focuses on the description of the product and its importance and demand in Japanese market. Brief of Almas Caviar Caviar is considered as another name of diamond. On the other hand, Almas Caviar is considered as the most expensive caviar in the world. The price of one kilogram of Almas Caviar is $25,000. There is a special thing about Almas Caviar that makes it special and very expensive. Almas Caviar is a type of Caviar that comes from beluga fish. Beluga fish is available only in the unpolluted waters of Caspian Sea in Iran (Wilson et al., 2015). The pristine waters of the Caspian Sea are responsible for making the Almas Caviar so special. Usually Caviar is grayish black in color. It is healthy diet and is very nutritious. However, Almas Caviar is pearly white in color. It is the specialty of this type of caviar, that is responsible for pushing up the price of this caviar (Fopp?Bayat Ocalewicz, 2015). Apart from that, the silky texture of Almas Caviar is also considered as the factor of price hike of this Caviar in the market. Almas Caviar is known as sieved and salted fish eggs. Almas Caviar has the unique personality that is very complex in nature. It is destined for palates and is very richly nuanced. Almas Caviar is the authentic flavor that is a traditional unique food i.e. a perfect hint of the Iranian Caviar. The eggs have an intense creamy and nutty taste. The rich flavor of the Caviar is formed due to the delicate process of salting. The presentation of the Almas Caviar is unique and is very unique. The container of Almas Caviar comes in a 24 karat gold plate. However, it is not available everywhere (Peraza, 2013). Reasons of entering Japanese market Japan is a country that is surrounded by water from its all sides. The product Almas Caviar wants to enter into Japanese market because Japanese people are fond of different types of seafoods. There are various types of sea fishes are available in the Japanese market and they are consumed by them in a relished way (Bronzi Rosenthal, 2014). Apart from other staple foods, sea foods in Japan play an important role in the dietary nutrition of people. Caviar is a different kind of seafood that is consumed in all parts of the world. Japanese market has a demand of Caviar in different parts of the country. Japan also cultivates different types of caviars from different kinds of fishes that are present deep under the sea. There are many types of agricultural practices that enhance the cultivation of caviar from the sea (Ye et al., 2014). Japanese government is now exporting different kinds of caviars to other countries in order to earn revenue from them. Japanese market is now considered as the world second luxury market in terms of Caviar production. However, Japan specializes in different types of Caviars that has no similarities with the Almas Caviar of Iran (Gerlach et al., 2012). Economy of Japan is very stable. GDP of Japan as of 2016 is $4.41 trillion. GDP per capita is 34,870. Japan is a developed country. It is the technological hub of Asia with different kinds of IT sectors and other technological sectors. People of Japan have high income. It represents that they can afford Almas Caviar that has Iranian royal touch (Zabyelina, 2014). SWOT Analysis Strengths: Almas Caviar is a unique form of caviar that is available only in Iran from Beluga fish that is available in the unpolluted waters of the Caspian Sea. Almas Caviar is considered as the most expensive caviar in the world due to its uniqueness and textures. It costs around $25,000 per kilogram. People are ready to pay for this caviar due to the unique attributes (Duarte Alonso, 2016). It is a type of organic caviar that is not only known for its pearl textured white jelly like caviar but also for its organic and nutritional benefits. As it is available only in Beluga fish, hence it is charged high from the customers. There is uniqueness in terms of packaging also. Almas Caviars are packed in a 24karat container (Di Zhu, 2015). Weaknesses: Japanese market already produces caviars and exports them into different countries. Hence, there will be a risk to enter Japanese market with a same genre of products. The domestic caviar market of Japan is highly developed. The location of the company can create problem in the process of foreign expansion. In recent times, Iran is not politically sound country; hence Japanese government can create any barrier while spreading their business in Japanese market (Adeli Namdar, 2015). It is seen that Japanese people are very rigid about their origin. There is a possibility that Japanese people will support their domestic caviars rather than this Iranian caviar. However, Iran does not have any good image from political aspects. It has a negative image on media that will create a negative image in the minds of customers. The taste and flavor of Almas Caviar may not be liked by Japanese people (Wang et al., 2013). Opportunities: The company can charge premium price for the product. It has almost no competitor regarding the type of caviar. It can create a new market altogether in Japan. It can create a positive image about Iranian foods in Japanese market (Hosein et al., 2013). Threats: Governmental regulations can cause a threat for the company. People may not like the taste and flavor of the new type of caviar. Barriers related to taxation are occurred in the expansion. Distribution channel of the existing domestic caviar producers can be a severe threat for this new entrant (Jinjarak Zheng, 2014). Strategic Planning Strategic planning of entering into a foreign market consists of two sectors such as short-term plan and long-term plan. Strategic planning of Almas Caviar will be done after conducting an extensive market research regarding the different factors of Caviar market in Japan along with the data regarding different companies that are into selling caviars in Japan. However, a proper planning is required for entering into Japanese market (Hosein et al., 2013). The two types of planning are described in the following. Short term plan Almas Caviar at the beginning of the foreign entry in Japan will try to establish their brand among the minds of the customers and consumers of Almas Caviar. The product is a new genre of product in Japan. Japanese people are accustomed with different kinds of caviar. Almas Caviar is a royal form of Caviar that is specialized only in Iran. It is a rare species of Caviar. Japan will now have the opportunity of having Almas Caviar. The short term planning of the product, include adopting different types of traditional legacy media and digital media for reinforcing the idea of Almas Caviar among Japanese for increase of sales (Gerlach et al., 2012). Long term plan Long-term plan of Almas Caviar consists of different types of strategies that include capturing market share, and a well position in the market. Almas Caviar in the end will achieve the number one position in the royal and luxury caviar market in Japan. It a niche category of Caviar, that is not available in many parts of the world. Hence, by keeping premium price of the product, it can achieve higher revenue with a higher brand image (Duarte Alonso, 2016). Source of competitive advantage Differentiation From Porters generic strategies, it can be said that Almas Caviar has adopted the differentiation strategy in the aspect of competitive advantage. Differentiation is described as the nature and type of the product i.e. Almas Caviar. It is a niche product that will provide a tough competition to the other domestic Caviar production companies. Since, Almas Caviar is a niche product and is targeted to a niche segment of customers in Japan; it adopts the differentiation strategy in order to provide a cutting edge to the existing companies of Japan. Cost of the product will be high (Jinjarak Zheng, 2014). For maintaining the high quality and a good position in the Japanese market, Almas Caviar will be packed in a 24 karat gold tin package. Apart from this, the product differentiation of Almas Caviar is unique. Japanese companies will not be able to copy the features of the product because Almas Caviar is an Iranian product that has the taste and flavor of Iran. Apart from that, Beluga fi sh is available only in the unpolluted waters of Caspian Sea. It is the specialty of the Almas Caviar (Di Zhu, 2015). Despite of this, the pearl textured silky structures of Almas Caviar is not found in any other types of caviar. The company that will be selling Almas Caviar will provide Japanese customers a hint of the authentic Iranian flavor with royalty and luxury. Hence, it can be said that to enter Japanese market, differentiation strategy is appropriate for Almas Caviar for market penetration. Segmentation Segmentation is an important aspect of expansion of a product in a new market. As it is a premium niche product, hence segmentation of Almas Caviar will be done accordingly. The company can adopt geographic and psychographic segmentation. Almas Caviar can be sold at various luxury hotels and restaurants of Tokyo that are specialized in selling sea foods. Expensive clubs of Tokyo can also be targeted as they serve sea foods to the customers. The segment of people that will go to these clubs and restaurants belong to the higher income group people (Jinjarak Zheng, 2014). They will not be bothered about spending money on foods. Guests of these restaurants and clubs will be eager to taste this Iranian flavor of Caviar. It is a form of Caviar that is not previously available in Japanese market. Hence, it can be said that Almas Caviar must target different types of customers that can be categorized in the group of higher income group. In the aspect of psychographic segmentation, people wi th higher class and have spending habits on new products are targeted by the company. Usually youth segment and families of higher class are targeted. The main motto of the company is elite product for super rich elite customers (Allen et al., 2013). This is the perfect strategy adopted by the company in terms of segmenting their target market. Initially Tokyo is targeted, gradually the other metropolitan cities of Japan will also be targeted. Going International In the phase of internalization strategy, the company will adopt licensing as a form of entry mode in its short term strategy. On the other hand, after the success of the short term strategy, foreign direct investment will be chosen as the long term investment. However, the decision is made on certain assumptions and proper research. There are advantages of choosing licensing as an initial mode of entry than foreign direct investment at the initial phases. There are certain reasons that are responsible for making this decision by the strategic management department of the company. The advantages of licensing for Almas Caviar are described below. The company will provide license to well reputed and established licensee in Tokyo or other parts of Japan that will allow the company while testing in the Japanese market. Apart from this, the licensing system will help the company for further exploration without much investment of capital and management of time (Allen et al., 2014). The company of Almas Caviar will make profit from this approach. This is because, the licensee will have their own market reputation and market knowledge regarding caviar in Japan. The Iranian company can use their marketing tactics and their strengths in penetrating the market (Fain et al., 2013). The company will provide Almas Caviar to the licensee. It will sell them in the market. Since, it will be charged premium from the premium customers, the licensee will be able to earn huge amount of money from the market. In return, the Iranian company selling Almas Caviar will be earning royalty from the licensee. Besides this, the company will also have a share of profit from the amount of Almas Caviar sold in the market (Mims, 2015). The royalty income along with the share of profit from the licensee will help in earning additional return on investments on the investments that was previously done in research and development. It will reduce the risk in terms of failures of the research and development department of the Iranian company. There are huge investments required in terms of designing the patents that are using by different licensees of Caviar in Japan. If any mistakes occur, the Japanese government may throw case in the aspect of patent infringement litigation. Investment in this sector of industry is huge, as the product is a niche product and is very costly as it is a rare product in the market. Maintenance of Almas Caviar and its transportation requires huge investment that should be incurred by the company itself. Licensing will prevent the company to incur other forms of investments in the field of failures in research and development while penetrating Japanese market (Rejeb Arfaoui, 2016). On the other hand, after choosing Licensing in the initial stage, FDI will be chosen by the company as a preferred entry mode for exploring Japanese caviar market. Full form of FDI is Foreign Direct Investment. The company will invest in Japanese market after earning revenue in the initial stage during adopting licensing as preferred foreign market entry modes. During this period of time, the Iranian company will be able to earn both reputation and revenue from the Japanese Caviar market. It is very important for the company to earn trust and loyalty from the premium customers of Almas Caviar in the market of Japan. Apart from that, before investing in the market, the company must have a proper detailed knowledge about the consumers preference and other aspects of caviar market in Japan (Sielen, 2013). As the company is new in terms of caviar in Japanese markets, there are many risks that are related to the company at initial phase. Choosing licensing will help in solving many issues that are initially occurred in penetrating Japanese caviar market. However, in the long term plan of the company, foreign direct investment in the different sectors and aspects of caviar market in Japan will help them in gaining a substantial market share along with much reputation from the targeted customers in Japan. It will also help in providing a cutting edge to the domestic cheap caviar producer in Japan (Gaio et al., 2015). Conclusion The report illustrates the foreign entry of the Iranian company that will be selling Almas Caviar in the Japanese market. It also provides an idea about the nature and type of the product along with its demand in the Japanese market. Apart from that, the study also describe different attributes of Japanese caviar market that will help the company in choosing appropriate foreign entry modes for exploring Japanese market. Licensing is the first preference of the company while entering Japanese market. The advantages are described above in the report in terms of choosing licensing over foreign direct investment in their initial short term planning of the company. References Adeli, A., Namdar, M. (2015). The Iranian Caviar and its Substitutes in the World Market.Ecopersia,3(1), 933-944. Allen, D. E., Amram, R., McAleer, M. (2013). Volatility spillovers from the Chinese stock market to economic neighbours.Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,94, 238-257. Allen, D. E., McAleer, M., Singh, A. K. (2014). Volatility Spillovers from Australia's major trading partners across the GFC.Documentos de Trabajo (ICAE), (26), 1-26. Bronzi, P., Rosenthal, H. (2014). Present and future sturgeon and caviar production and marketing: a global market overview.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,30(6), 1536-1546. Di, J., Zhu, P. (2015). A method for evaluating the extreme risk sources of financial markets: The case of stock markets in China.Global Finance Journal,26, 18-28. Duarte Alonso, A. (2016). The entrepreneurial role within a global firm operating in a niche market.European Business Review,28(2), 118-136. Fain, S. R., Straughan, D. J., Hamlin, B. C., Hoesch, R. M., LeMay, J. P. (2013). Forensic genetic identification of sturgeon caviars traveling in world trade.Conservation Genetics,14(4), 855-874. Fopp?Bayat, D., Ocalewicz, K. (2015). Activation of the Albino Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus Eggs by UV?Irradiated Bester Hybrid Spermatozoa to Provide Gynogenetic Progeny.Reproduction in Domestic Animals,50(4), 554-559. Gaio, L. E., Junior, T. P., Lima, F. G., Bonacim, C. A. G. (2015). Value-at-risk in times of crisis: An analysis in the Brazilian market.African Journal of Business Management,9(5), 223. Gerlach, R. H., Chen, C. W., Chan, N. Y. (2012). Bayesian time-varying quantile forecasting for value-at-risk in financial markets.Journal of Business Economic Statistics. Hosein, Z. Z., Mehrizi, S. M. T., Hanoomarvar, A. Y. (2013). Investigating Effective Factors on Development of Iran's Caviar Exports.International Business Research,6(3), 117. Jinjarak, Y., Zheng, H. (2014). Granular institutional investors and global market interdependence.Journal of International Money and Finance,46, 61-81. Mims, S. D. (2015). Paddlefish: International Status.Paddlefish Aquaculture, 153. Peraza, J. C. A. (2013). El pecado del escndalo:: Dandismo y modernidad en Fernando Vallejo.Revista de Estudios Hispnicos,47(2), 291-312. Rejeb, A. B., Arfaoui, M. (2016). Financial market interdependencies: A quantile regression analysis of volatility spillover.Research in International Business and Finance,36, 140-157. Sielen, A. B. (2013). Devolution of the Seas: The Consequences of Oceanic Destruction, The.Foreign Aff.,92, 124. WANG, X. Y., WU, Z. W., SONG, X. F. (2013). The change point CAViaR model for measuring market risk with an application to Growth Enterprise Market.Journal of China University of Mining Technology,3, 029. Wilson, J., Eckhardt, G., Belk, R. (2015). Luxury branding below the radar.Harvard Business Review, 26-27. Ye, W., Luo, K., Du, S. (2014). Measuring Contagion of Subprime Crisis Based on MVMQ-CAViaR Method.Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society,2014. Zabyelina, Y. G. (2014). The fishy business: a qualitative analysis of the illicit market in black caviar.Trends in Organized Crime,17(3), 181-198.

Sociology education assignment submit free essay sample

The School is an important agency of secondary socialisation. All children in the UK are given Equal opportunities to succeed.Despite the department of education stating that they wish to provide equal opportunities for children and young people no matter what their background or family circumstances. (Department of education. 2014) Statistics referencing school childrens performance in the UK indicates a childs class, ethnicity or gender can have an effect on their overall school performance.As family is the primary means of socialisation, a parents attitude towards education is important for the progress of children in schools. Charles Desforges and Alberto Abouchaars, (2003) study into parental involvement in schools found that; at-home good parenting had a positive effect on a childs attainment. The report suggests this is done through shaping childrens self concepts through setting high aspirations and then concludes, by stating that achievement of working class pupils can be furthered by increasing parental involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology education assignment submit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This shows that it is widely recognised that class directly effects the opportunities children in the UK receive. How parents present themselves is also influential to childs education, Abigail Beall, (2003) states how Facebook researchers found that children often have similar, if not identical, careers to their parents. The study suggests that working class families with working class jobs, could result in lack of motivation for children to aspire to earn more or have better careers than their parents, they instead seek immediate gratification, often obtaining jobs in manual labour due to a lack of interest in education. In middle class families however, children often apply themselves educationally to follow in their parents footsteps, this deferred gratification usually leads to further education such as university. (Kennon, J., 2012)Apart from the influence of parents, the effects of housing and the environment can also effect opportunities within education. A leaflet by Lisa Harker 2006, for Shelter England details how one study found that: parents in overcrowded homes were less responsive and spoke to their children in less sophisticated ways as opposed to parents in less overcrowded homes. This lack of communication and sophisticated language was linked to having a negative effect on children s learning, as they became less expressive and unable to voice their thoughts with the correct vocabulary. Furthermore overcrowding results in a lack of suitable space for children to study, creating disruption at school. Attendance at school from Children in overcrowded homes was low as a result of health reasons, as illness can travel faster between individuals in close proximity. According to a National Child Development Study, into the effects of poor housing conditions, the effects of cold and damp also correlates to a lack of attendance in school due to illness. A study completed in Cornwall found: installing central heating into rooms of children aged 9 to 11 helped respiratory problems and increased school attendance. Prior to this children lost 9.3 days out of 100 due to breathing problems, this decreased to 2.3 days lost after intervention. (Harker, l. , 2006) Apart from poor housing conditions, catchment areas can also effect childrens educational progression. Kate Hughes (2017) claims that: 25% of parents relocate to a particular catchment area, and were willing to spend an additional 12% on top of the market value. This proves that middle class parents can afford to provide children with better educational chances before school begins. (Hughes, k., 2017)Apart from location, whats within the home can also effect educational attainment. Lack of accessible technology/internet, creates poor performance at schools. Valerie Thompson of E – Learning Foundation states lack of a home internet connection or a computer could mean that children struggled to research homework or complete coursework. This could also suggest that children were unable to receive feedback or access school resources. Her research established that there were 750,000 children in households without internet access, and 650,000 without a computer. According to the E-Learning Foundation, that figure shows the divide between rich and poor and the effects this has on childrens progression within education. (Burns, J., 2013)The divide between class and educational attainment is argued by Diane Reay to have not yet occurred. Within education, she states that: the working classes are still getting less education than the middle classes, just as they had when my dad was at school at the beginning of the 20th century. She argues this is as a result of less affluent children being given more restrictive educational offers, thus effecting the league tables and resulting in teachers focusing on Maths and English. (Ferguson, F., 2017) Diane Reays suggests that teachers therefore treat children differently based on their class; the issue of labelling then comes into effect. Theorised by Snyder et als, self-fulfilling prophecy theory, if ones is labelled enough they begin to act in accordance to that label. The article states that working class children aged 4 can tell theyre in the monkeys (a lower set,) because theyre not very clever. Teachers then labelling these children as lower sets will have a negative effect on their overall learning and progression from an early age.Labelling and stereotyping also influences the academic achievement of ethnic minorities. Professor Jennifer Eberhardt, took two scenarios of children misbehaving and asked teachers how they would punish the children based on their actions. In scenarios in which the students were black, teachers seen the bad behaviour as more concerning. Interviews were also conducted with teachers, parents, and head teachers about their opinions on black pupils/students. Overall participants expressed strong feelings about how black boys are labelled as a result of their clothing, friends; reputation and how they communicated. The report concluded that once black pupils gained a reputation for bad behaviour, it became difficult to convince teachers that they could improve. (Demie, f., McLean, C. 2017)Despite underachievement of Black/Caribbean students, other ethnic minorities are surpassing their White British counterparts. In 2013 of all children receiving free school meals it was proven that at aged 16, ethnic minority groups were outperforming white working class pupils in attaining five GCSEs grade C and above. Existing government funded studies suggest that this is due to parental factors, including high aspirations and expectations resulting in higher attendance and few exclusions.Language barriers are also an influential factor to ones attainment. When children immigrate to England, they are assigned English intervention classes, and only allowed to integrate into classes once they had basic level English. Once in mainstream classes, teachers are often strict on pronunciation and writing. This sparks debate whether separating students based on their language barriers is the right thing to do. Arguments made, suggest students could integrate in all their classes with specialist support however, as linking pupils together regardless of language causes faster integration, which in turn creates a mo re positive approach to education. (Morrison, N., 2014)In recent news, it has been discussed that boys may need additional support throughout their educational lives, due to women achieving better grades. Camilla Turner (2015) reports that girls now seem to outperform boys in mathematics, reading and science literacy within 70% of all countries. The article clarifies, that except for over achievers, boys have poorer educational outcomes than girls in the UK. Hannah Richardson references research by the Higher Education Policy institute to argue why boys underachieve in schools, it was found boys and girls will often have different attitudes towards school work. Furthermore, the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development found boys tend to spend an hour less on homework when compared to girls. The report also states that boys are more likely to get distracted, which in turn means they are less likely to study from home. Despite this however, men still outperform women when it comes to prestigious subjects and applying to universities. (Richardson, H., 2016)In addition, Rowenna Davis (2010) explains that there is a decline in women entering into stereotypical male based subjects. In 2005 women made up 24% of computer study classes however five years later in 2010, women only accounted for 19%. Since the year 2000 there has been no increase in women entering maths, this statistic remains at 38%. The same rule applies for engineering and technology where women only make up 15% of all classes. The article argues that womens intolerance towards STEM subjects (Science, technology, engineering and maths) are deep rooted as career advisors are teaching students to go into stereotypical subjects. An argument can therefore be made that subject choices within schools are not providing pupils with equal opportunities, as they at reinforcing careers advice based on gender.Lastly, the way in which pupils are graded also has a significant impact on performance within education. Despite evidence stated above, 2017 A-Level results witnessed men surpassing females in quality of grades. Rachel Pells (2017) argues this is because assessment types have been changed in favour of exam based grading. Previously it was a mixture of both exam and coursework based assessments. The article argues females apply themselves better in coursework based studies, whereas boys tend to revise heavily a couple of weeks before exams, thus meaning equal opportunity within school assessing isnt achieved.To conclude, despite government policy stating that equal education is given to all, it is evident that both internal and external factors indicate that this is an impossible task. The research suggests that educational achievement and attainment is predisposed from birth. Ones class, ethnicity and gender dictate how well they will achieve or underachieve within education. To claim that all children in the UK are given equal opportunities to succeed is incorrect due to different factors playing a huge part throughout their academic life, and into adulthood.Bibliography:Beall, A. (2016). Facebook research shows how our parents career choices affect our own. [online] Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3504404/Taking-family-business-Children-tend-make-career-choices-based-jobs-parents-siblings-have.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018].Burns, J. (2013). Poorest pupils lack home internet. [online] BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-20899109 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018].Demie, F. and McLean, C. (2017). Black Caribbean Underachievement in Schools in England. [online] Lambeth.gov. uk. Available at: https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/rsu/sites/www.lambeth.gov. uk.rsu/files/black_caribbean_underachievement_in_schools_in_england_2017.pdf [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018].Davis, R. (2010). Women students stick to traditional subjects. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2010/jul/13/women-students-stem-subjects [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018].Desforges, C. and Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental involvement, parental support and family education on pupil achievement and adjustment: A literature review | Creativity, Culture and Education. [online] Creativitycultureeducation.org. Available at: http://www.creativitycultureeducation.org/the-impact-of-parental-involvement-parental-support-and-family-education-on-pupil-achievement-and-adjustment-a-literature-review [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018].Ferguson, D. (2017). Working-class children get less of everything in education including respect. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian. com/education/2017/nov/21/english-class-system-shaped-in-schools [Accessed 4 Apr. 2018].Hawker, L. (2006). Chance of a Lifetime. [online] England.shelter. org.uk. Available at: https://england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/39202/Chance_of_a_Lifetime.pdf [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018].Hughes, K. (2017). Quarter of UK parents move house for the school catchment area. [online] The Independent. Available at: https://www.independent. co.uk/money/spend-save/uk-parents-move-house-school-catchment-area-quarter-best-education-a7908046.html [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018].Kennon, J. (2012). New Study Finds The Ability to Delay Gratification Correlates with Reliability of Others. [online] Joshuakennon.com. Available at: https://www.joshuakennon.com/new-study-finds-the-ability-to-delay-gratification-correlates-with-the-reliability-of-adults-in-a-childs-life/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018].Morrison, N. (2014). Breaking down the language barrier for EAL pupils. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2014/mar/05/teaching-eal-foreign-languages-students-integration-schools [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018]. Pells, R. (2017). Boys overtake girls in top A-level grades for first time in a generation. [online] The Independent. Available at: https://www.independent.co. uk/news/education/education-news/a-level-results-2017-boys-beat-birls-top-subjects-english-maths-history-first-time-a7898186.html [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018].Richardson, H. (2016). Why do more girls go to university?. [online] BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-37107208 [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018].Turner, C. (2015). Girls do better than boys at school, despite inequality. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co. uk/education/11364130/Girls-do-better-than-boys-at-school-despite-inequality.html [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018].

Fidel Castro Biographical Profile

Fidel Castro Biographical Profile Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (1926–2016) was a Cuban lawyer, revolutionary, and politician. He was the central figure in the Cuban Revolution (1956-1959), which removed dictator Fulgencio Batista from power and replaced him with a communist regime friendly to the Soviet Union. For decades, he defied the United States, which tried to assassinate or replace him countless times. A controversial figure, many Cubans consider him a monster who destroyed Cuba, while others consider him a visionary who saved their nation from the horrors of capitalism. Early Years Fidel Castro was one of the  several illegitimate children born to middle-class sugar farmer Angel Castro y Argà ­z and his household maid, Lina Ruz Gonzlez. Castro’s father eventually divorced his wife and married Lina, but young Fidel still grew up with the stigma of being illegitimate. He was given his fathers last name at age 17 and had the benefits of being raised in a wealthy household. He was a talented student, educated at Jesuit boarding schools, and decided to pursue a career in law, entering the University of Havana Law School in 1945. While in school, he became increasingly involved in politics, joining the Orthodox Party, which was in favor of drastic government reform to reduce corruption. Personal Life Castro married Mirta  Dà ­az Balart in 1948. She came from a wealthy and politically-connected family. They had one child and divorced in 1955. Later in life, he married Dalia Soto del Valle in 1980 and had five more children. He had several other children outside of his marriages, including Alina Fernndez, who escaped Cuba to Spain using false papers and then lived in Miami where she criticized the Cuban government. Revolution Brewing in Cuba When Batista, who had been president in the early 1940s, abruptly seized power in 1952, Castro became even more politicized. Castro, as a lawyer, tried to mount a legal challenge to Batista’s reign, demonstrating that the Cuban Constitution had been violated by his power grab. When Cuban courts refused to hear the petition, Castro decided that legal assaults on Batista would never work: if he wanted change, he would have to use other means. Attack on the Moncada Barracks The charismatic Castro began drawing converts to his cause, including his brother Raà ºl. Together, they acquired weapons and began organizing an assault on the military barracks at Moncada. They attacked on July 26, 1953, the day after a festival, hoping to catch the soldiers still drunk or hung over. Once the barracks were captured, there would be enough weapons to mount a full-scale insurgency. Unfortunately for Castro, the attack failed: most of the 160 or so rebels were killed, either in the initial assault or in government prisons later. Fidel and his brother Raul were captured. History Will Absolve Me Castro led his own defense, using his public trial as a platform to bring his argument to the people of Cuba. He wrote an impassioned defense for his actions and smuggled it out of prison. While on trial, he uttered his famous slogan: â€Å"History will absolve me.† He was sentenced to death, but when the death penalty was abolished, his sentence was changed to 15 years imprisonment. In 1955, Batista came under increasing political pressure to reform his dictatorship, and he freed a number of political prisoners, including Castro. Mexico The newly-freed Castro went to Mexico, where he made contact with other Cuban exiles eager to overthrow Batista. He founded the 26th of July Movement and began making plans for a return to Cuba. While in Mexico, he met Ernesto â€Å"Chà ©Ã¢â‚¬  Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos, who were destined to play important roles in the Cuban Revolution. The rebels acquired weapons and trained and coordinated their return with fellow insurgents in Cuban cities. On November 25, 1956, 82 members of the movement boarded the yacht Granma and set sail for Cuba, arriving on December 2. Back in Cuba The Granma force was detected and ambushed, and many of the rebels were killed. Castro and the other leaders survived, however, and made it to the mountains in southern Cuba. They remained there for a while, attacking government forces and installations and organizing resistance cells in cities across Cuba. The movement slowly but surely gained in strength, especially as the dictatorship cracked down further on the populace. Castros Revolution Succeeds In May of 1958, Batista launched a massive campaign aimed at ending the rebellion once and for all. It backfired, however, as Castro and his forces scored a number of unlikely victories over Batista’s forces, which led to mass desertions in the army. By the end of 1958, the rebels were able to go on the offensive, and columns led by Castro, Cienfuegos and Guevara captured major towns. On January 1, 1959, Batista spooked and fled the country. On January 8, 1959, Castro and his men marched into Havana in triumph. Cubas Communist Regime Castro soon implemented a Soviet-style communist regime in Cuba, much to the dismay of the United States. This led to decades of conflict between Cuba and the USA, including such incidents as the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Mariel boatlift. Castro survived countless assassination attempts, some of them crude, some quite clever. Cuba was placed under an economic embargo, which had serious effects on the Cuban economy. In February of 2008 Castro resigned from duties as President, although he remained active in the communist party. He died on November 25, 2016, at the age of 90. Legacy Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution have had a profound effect on worldwide politics since 1959. His revolution inspired many attempts at imitation and revolutions broke out in nations such as Nicaragua, El Salvador, Bolivia and more. In southern South America, a whole crop of insurgencies sprang up in the 1960s and 1970s, including the Tupamaros in Uruguay, the MIR in Chile and the Montoneros in Argentina, just to name a few. Operation Condor, a collaboration of military governments in South America, was organized to destroy these groups, all of which hoped to incite the next Cuban-style Revolution in their home nations. Cuba aided many of these insurgent groups with weapons and training. While some were inspired by Castro and his revolution, others were aghast. Many politicians in the United States saw the Cuban Revolution as a dangerous â€Å"toehold† for communism in the Americas, and billions of dollars were spent propping up right-wing governments in places like Chile and Guatemala. Dictators such as Chile’s Augusto Pinochet were gross violators of human rights in their countries, but they were effective in keeping Cuban-style revolutions from taking over. Many Cubans, particularly those in the middle and upper classes, fled Cuba shortly after the revolution. These Cuban emigrants generally despise Castro and his revolution. Many fled because they feared the crackdown that followed Castro’s conversion of the Cuban state and economy to communism. As part of the transition to communism, many private companies and lands were confiscated by the government. Over the years, Castro maintained his grip on Cuban politics. He never gave up on communism even after the fall of the Soviet Union, which supported Cuba with money and food for decades. Cuba is a genuine communist state where the people share labor and rewards, but it has come at the cost of privation, corruption, and repression. Many Cubans fled the nation, many taking to the sea in leaky rafts hoping to make it to Florida. Castro once uttered the famous phrase: â€Å"History will absolve me.† The jury is still out on Fidel Castro, and history may absolve him and may curse him. Either way, what is certain is that history will not forget him anytime soon. Sources: Castaà ±eda, Jorge C. Compaà ±ero: the Life and Death of Che Guevara.  New York: Vintage Books, 1997. Coltman, Leycester. The Real Fidel Castro. New Haven and London: the Yale University Press, 2003.

Report of Marketing Campaign review-Vodafone New Zealand PXT service Essay

Report of Marketing Campaign review-Vodafone New Zealand PXT service - Essay Example Vodafone Group was established in the United Kingdom back in 1983. The company acquired its New Zealand business – previously known as BellSouth New Zealand in November 1998. At the time Vodafone Group made the purchase, BellSouth had a total of 138,000 customers. As of June 2006, Vodafone New Zealand had a customer base of 2.1 million customers that is composed of 55% share of the New Zealand mobile market.1 The competition in the New Zealand mobile market is very tight. For this reason, the company needs to constantly upgrade its system such as PXT messaging. In 2001, Vodafone New Zealand signed up a commercial agreement with Telecom New Zealand today in order to enable their customers to send sound enables photo and video messages between the two mobile networks.2, 3 Vodafone New Zealand introduces its free weekend use of PXT messaging as a marketing campaign between the periods of December 2003 until September 2004.4, 5 Vodafone PXT â„ ¢ uses this strategy with the attempt to boost the demand for multimedia messaging. Since January 2004, the PXT messaging across the Vodafone network has increased at a rate between 35 – 50% month-on-month despite the price of 75 cents per message.5 In line with the increase in the use of PXT messaging, the sales of more featured phones were also increasing. Vodafone used the GO-Race (Loo-Racer) as a unique way of launching the new PXT capable phones. This event was featured on 30 second TV commercial throughout New Zealand and Australia together with some print ads campaign. This campaign was successful in reaching for Vodafone’s target market. There is only one competitor in the New Zealand mobile industry – The Telecom NZ because of the high cost of infrastructure requirements. This also becomes a barrier to exit. Due to globalisation, it is still possible for International Telecommunications Company to penetrate the industry

The Value of a University Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Value of a University Education - Assignment Example Studies consistently demonstrate that graduates have higher levels of earnings than high school graduates. According to the US Census Bureau, the median earnings of bachelor’s degree recipients working full-time year-round in 2008 were $55,700 - $21,900 more than the median earnings of high school graduates. Individuals with higher levels of education are more likely to have earnings and more likely to work full-time year round. Eighty percent of college graduates ages 25 or older had earnings in 2008 and 60% worked full-time year-round. In comparison, only sixty-three percent of high school graduates ages 25 or older had earnings, and only 44% worked full-time year-round. When lifetime earnings are computed, the typical bachelor’s degree recipient can expect to earn about 66% more during a 40-year working life than the typical high school graduate earns over the same period. After the fall in employment rates at the start of the economic recession in early 2008, it was four-year college graduates whose employment levels first recovered in 2010, with a 2% increase. Individuals with higher levels of education report greater job satisfaction and derive a sense of fulfillment from their work. Finally, the unemployment rate for university graduates â€Å"is consistently about half the unemployment rate for high school graduates† (Baum, Ma and Payea, 2010). Higher education also confers non-monetary benefits to individuals. These include health benefits and an improved sense of self-esteem. As the medical consensus on the adverse health effects of smoking became more emphatic, the smoking rates for college graduates showed a much more rapid rate of decline than that for high school graduates. By 2008, only 9% of college graduates smoked,... This paper comes to the conclusion that it is clear that university education imparts value to the individual, the local community and society at large. Individual benefits are both monetary and non-monetary. Monetary benefits include increased income and consistently high employment rates. Non-monetary advantages range from to better health and healthy lifestyles to a greater sense of well-being and better care of children. In the context of the local community, universities develop the skills of the local community by enlisting and training local students, generate employment opportunities on the campus, participate in community activities, give local community access to university facilities, address the issue of social disadvantage in the locality and raise the prestige and visibility of the region. Society at large benefits in several ways from higher education, with graduates showing greater political participation, decreased crime and incarceration rates, more racial and relig ious tolerance and less dependence on public welfare programs. This paper approves that the higher wages of college graduates obviously translates into a higher national income, which leads to a healthier population and a better functioning society. The benefits of a university education are indisputable. As it is evident that the benefits of higher education are not confined to the individual alone, but also spill over into the local community and society at large, public investment in higher education is a step in the right direction. University education is the best way to ensure that the well-being of all citizens is enhanced and that the nation retains its competitiveness in the knowledge economy of the contemporary world.