Specializing Education :: Schooling Teaching Essays

Specializing EducationSpecial Education was one of those things I never truly understood as a student in the public school system. Who were these children that had to be taken out of the crystallize for reading and math or who remained in a separate class all day? What was so special about them? Believe me, I could have tried to find out what was different about them and how they were taught anytime I cute my mom teaches Elementary Special Education. I always heard her throwing around terms like resource room and inclusion when she talked about work. But organism the typical self-involved child that I was, I never get a lineed to what she said about teaching or asked her more about her students. What I do get along is that teaching Special Education involved a lot of ups and down. As a Special Education teacher, the specific tasks of my moms job qualify frequently. She has taught full-time special education classes, has worked with individual students in an inclusive set ting, and about recently she teaches resource room. Now that I dont have to listen to her work stories all the time, I find myself wanting to know more about what special education entails. What I discovered is that none of the methods utilized in Special Education are entirely right or wrong in addressing the educational needs of children with LD. Children with nurture disabilities should be educated in the most appropriate way to meet their specific educational needs. The children who benefit from the Special Education program are learning disabled. The National Center for Learning Disabilities states that children with learning disabilities have a neurological disorder that affects the brains ability to receive process, store and respond to information. There has been a long running regard on the best way to educate children with learning disabilities or LD. Some feel inclusion is the most beneficial method for educating children with LD. As defined by Jean B. Crocket t and James M. Kauffman in The Least Restrictive Environment, inclusion is where children with disabilities are placed in regular education classes for the entire school day and are accompanied by special education teachers or aides for subjects where they need extra help (1). Others feel mainstreaming is the best option for students with LD.

The Pen :: Essays Papers

The Pen Mortality is a fact of life for everyone and has been since Creation. As humans, we have the intelligence to realize and understand this because we possess the ability to reason and to learn. This ability, when combined with the presence of Life that keeps us in existence, beckons us to secure the approaching in some way and for some reason(s). We need not only the chance at life beyond our own which comes with the birth of our children, but also to leave our own names, our own ideas and beliefs secured onto something more solid than the spoken word yet not as heavy as stone tablets. In the arid, withdraw from climates this came in the form of parchment . In locations with more water and vegetation, it came from the papyrus plant. But in either climate, something was needed to stain the language onto this new device. That something was the introductory playpen. The Dawn of Pen-kind As early as 2,800 years before Christ, the pen was beginning to appear as a writing imp lement in the world. Its early form was that of a dried reed, its tip cut at an angle so to create a line of ink instead of a blot. To make unnecessary with it, simply dip the cut tip of the reed into an ink supply, then gently press the dipped tip against the paper . This was a simple federal agency of writing that required raw materials ample in the environment. The degree of technology it used can be seen as only slightly higher than the scientific concept of the sharpened wedge (blade) used to cut an angle on the reed tip. The small effort needed to build a pen was removed less than that of the ink needed. Nature grew the reed, humans merely plucked it from the ground and sliced off its bottom tip. During this period of Antiquity, the Egyptians had also constructed the Great Pyramids and the Sphinx. By no means was the pen as physically large and complex a creation as the wonders of the world, which were constructed with the sole purpose of being the final resting-place of the Pharaoh. However, the reed pen had a much more profound, a much greater effect on the world and the path our present-day history took. There are no records to indicate any one person or group as the inventors of the pen.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby as Criticism of American Society

In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes American purchase order in the 1920?s for its tendencies to waste, advertise, form superficial relationships, and ghostwrite over appearances. The work has been praised for both its brutal realism and its keen depiction of the age that The New York Times referred to as the era when, gin was the national drink and stimulate was the national obsession(Fitzgerald vii). . . . indifference is presented as a moral failure - a failure of society, particularly the society of the American east to recognize the imperatives of truth and satinpod and justice? (Gallo 35). F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the wasteful tendencies of American society. He uses the valley of ashes to refer to this ugly aspect of American society. The valley of ashes is a bleak area situated amid the West Egg and New York City, where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and a lready crumbling through the powdery air(Fitzgerald 23). This beastly wasteland is located right along the roadway and train route between the eggs, home of the lofty aristocrats, and New York City, the exciting and fashionable metropolis where galore(postnominal) of the nations wealthiest people live, work, and entertain themselves. There is no essential difference between the moneyed wastelands of New York City and Long Island and the valley of ashes, (Gallo 49) Referring to an eye doctors billboard in the valley of ashes, Nick, our narrator comments Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice in the borough of Queens, and then sank down himself into eternal blindness or forgot them and moved away. But ... ... Moment The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Urbana U of Illinois P, 1970. Whitley, John S. F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. London Edward Arnold, 1976. Outline Thesis statement In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes Americ an society in the 1920?s for its tendency to waste, advertise, form superficial relationships, and obsess over appearances. I. Introduction A. Literary Classic B. Societal Criticism 1. wasteful tendency 2. advertizing obsession 3. superficial relationships 4. appearances fixation II. Wasteful Tendency A. Valley of Ashes B. Gatsby C. Tom and Daisy III. Advertising Obsession A. hoarding B. McKees C. Tom D. Daisy E. Gatsby III. Appearances Fixation A. Myrtle B. Catherine C. Gatsby IV. Superficial Relationships A. Billboard B. Myrtle?s Party

Lightning Never Strikes Twice :: essays research papers

Lightning N invariably Strikes Twice&9A few miles off the price of Cape Cod, sits the island of Nantucket. On this island, during the 1600s lived the Haley family. Tom Haley was the only tobacco farmer on the island and due to this fact they were extremely wealthy. Their estate was the largest on Nantucket and was located safe over a beautiful cliff. Tom and his wife Janice ate breakfast every morning at 600am everyday with their son Garnet. Late thorium night a storm was getting very close to their house until a bright fist from the heavens stroked down on their chimney and collapsing the house, kill the entire Haley family. As the legend of the family goes their souls were not able to escape the rubble and float into the sky. Therefore their soul leave inhabit the house until their able to escape. Their souls will reside there until they find another soul to watch over the house.&9Three months ago. Steve Windmere a wealthy young CEO of AT& adenylic acidT is driving around Nant ucket looking for a new house to settle in. When he comes across the most beautiful house he has ever seen. He loved every bit of it from the aged gray shingles to the pealing paint off the white shutters. With a happy surprise he sees a Murreys real estate sign. As fast as he can he looked at the address, "52 Cliff road" he says to himself. He rushes to his car and drives to Murreys real estate office on Main Street. He signs up to buy the house right away. Of course everyone running(a) there has a greedy look in his or her eyes while Steve signs the contract. Being so self-centered as he is he doesnt even notice. Steve could smell the sweat falling from the agents. They were so nervous most of them had to leave, they couldnt believe that they were actually going to sell the old Haley residents. When he was done for(p) he stepped out on to Main Street and saw a qabalistic man sitting up against the brick wall of the real estate office. The mysterious man got up and walke d toward Steve and said, "looks like you retributory bought more than you bargained for." Laughing he walked away into a fog that seemed to appear out of nowhere, confused and baffled Steve just walked across the street to Something Natural to have lunch.

The Grapes of Wrath - Beauty in the Midst of Hopelessness Essay

The Grapes of Wrath Beauty in the Midst of Hopelessness The Grapes of Wrath portrays life at its darkest. It is the story of migrant workers and the hardships and heartbreaks that they experience as they atomic number 18 compulsive from their land - the land that they have lived on for generations - so the banks can make a profit. Sure, cried the tenant men, but its our land. We measured it and broke it up. We were born on it, and we got killed on it, died on it. Thats what makes it ours - being born on it, working it, dying on it. That makes ownership, not a paper with numbers on it (p.45). Steinbeck follows the Joad family as they leave their invoke to forge a new life in the land of opportunity - California - where life is golden and jobs are abundant . . . or so they think. They are met with distrust and dislike by the residents of the cities they pass through, and they have little success in finding jobs with salaries that they can survive on. Once the Joads reach Calif ornia, they discover that the piazza there is much the same the jobs are sparse and wages low. People are starving to death while fruit rots on the trees. Once again, this is so others can make a profit. And children dying of pellagra must die because a profit cannot be taken from an orange. And coroners must fill in the certificates - died of malnutrition - because the nutrient must rot, must be forced to rot (p.477). Steinbeck masterfully weaves a powerful and gripping story of hope, heartbreak, and survival, alternating the account of the Joads journey with chapters that take a step back and show the struggle of the United States as a whole. This gives the book a depth that is rarely achieved in literature - at le... ...rror tin can - strange things happen to them, some bitterly cruel and some so beautiful that the faith is refired forever (p.166). Sources Cited and ConsultedCunningham, Charles D. Solidarity, Sympathy, Contempt The Mythology of Rural Poverty in natural d epression America. Diss. Carnegie Mellon U, 2001.French, Warren. John Steinbeck Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 1, Gale Research Co. Book Tower Detroit 1973.Lechteihn, Yuri. The Awakening of Tom Joad. 2 pp. Online. Internet. 30 April, 2004. Available http//www.ac.wwu.edu/stephan/Steinbeck/grapes.html.Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Penguin Books USA Inc, 1993.Timmerman, John. John Steinbecks Fiction. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.Wilson, Edmund. The Noonday Press. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 13, Gale Research Co. Book Tower Detroit 1973.

The Grapes of Wrath - Beauty in the Midst of Hopelessness Essay

The Grapes of exasperation Beauty in the Midst of Hopelessness The Grapes of Wrath portrays life at its darkest. It is the story of migrant workers and the hardships and heartbreaks that they experience as they are driven from their land - the land that they have lived on for generations - so the banks can fuck off a profit. Sure, cried the tenant men, but its our land. We measured it and broke it up. We were born on it, and we got killed on it, deceased on it. Thats what makes it ours - being born on it, working it, dying on it. That makes ownership, not a paper with numbers on it (p.45). Steinbeck follows the Joad family as they leave their farm to forge a new life in the land of hazard - California - where life is golden and jobs are abundant . . . or so they think. They are met with distrust and dislike by the residents of the cities they pass through, and they have little mastery in finding jobs with salaries that they can survive on. Once the Joads reach California, they discover that the situation there is much the same the jobs are sparse and wages low. mountain are starving to death while fruit rots on the trees. Once again, this is so others can make a profit. And children dying of pellagra must die because a profit cannot be taken from an orange. And coroners must fill in the certificates - died of malnutrition - because the food must rot, must be forced to rot (p.477). Steinbeck masterfully weaves a powerful and gripping story of hope, heartbreak, and survival, alternating the account of the Joads journey with chapters that take a step back and show the struggle of the United States as a whole. This gives the book a depth that is rarely achieved in literature - at le... ...rror behind - strange things happen to them, some bitterly cruel and some so beautiful that the faith is refired forever (p.166). Sources Cited and ConsultedCunningham, Charles D. Solidarity, Sympathy, Contempt The Mythology of Rural Poverty in Depression America. Diss. Carnegie Mellon U, 2001.French, Warren. John Steinbeck Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 1, Gale Research Co. disc Tower Detroit 1973.Lechteihn, Yuri. The waking up of Tom Joad. 2 pp. Online. Internet. 30 April, 2004. Available http//www.ac.wwu.edu/stephan/Steinbeck/grapes.html.Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Penguin Books USA Inc, 1993.Timmerman, John. John Steinbecks Fiction. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.Wilson, Edmund. The Noonday Press. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 13, Gale Research Co. Book Tower Detroit 1973.

Consumer buying preferences towards technological goods produced using sustainable business practices Essay

1. AbstractThis report draws data on consumer behaviour as primary research and secondary data from literature about sustainability, sustainable crinkle practices and consumer behaviour towards sustainable produced goods. The terms sustainability and sustainable business practices will be examined in more detail. Data gathered from primary research will help to get a better understanding on consumer behaviour, by abbreviation and presentation in pie charts and bar charts. Methods of data collecting will be examined and the use of surveys and questionnaire as well.2. IntroductionThis report will investigate consumer buying optences towards proficient goods produced using sustainable business practices. The term sustainability was first specify by the UN World Commission in its 1987 published report called Our Common Future, which defined it as development which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.S ince the climate change and its impact on the environment mountain became more aware of the significance of sustainability. Also companies strive to implement sustainable business practices to prevent further harm to the environment and to improve their efficiency to put down costs and to enhance quality, which in turn satisfies customers and employees.This report will show that companies using sustainable business practices have an advantage in todays eco zero(prenominal)y and consumers will invest more time and money in technological goods produced using sustainable business practices. Techniques on how study was gathered will be elucidated in the methodology section and the results will be presented in section 5.3. Literature ReviewSeveral literature resources about the bailiwicks sustainability, sustainable business practises, consumer behaviour and the environment were available. Key findings in literature show that impacts on the environment have led businesses as well as people to reconsideration the way they use resources.Due to media influence in past decades many people became aware of global warming, pollution, the ozone layer depletion and its negative effects on genius and health of clementity. An article about sustainable business practices suggests that companies of various sectors should use their own set of techniques to arrive at their own version of sustainability.moreover various literatures show that most developments in business practices came from creative thinking about redesigning production cycles while maintaining consumer needs with the environment in mind. Ecoefficiency is the term used by most companies to describe their aims towards more sustainability. The World Business Council, an association of big corporations defines Ecoefficiency as as being achieved by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and res ource intensity throughout the life cycle, to a level at to the lowest degree in line with the Earths estimated carrying capacity. This definition is remarkable in its position to human needs and value of life, and can be understand as a move away from materialism and contribution to meeting needs for human well-being. Most literature offered a big variety of subtopics about sustainability, sustainable business practices and consumer behaviour, which may go way far for purposes of this report.4. MethodologyPrimary research was conducted with the aid of surveys and questionnaires. The sample consisted of 40 people, who answered 10 questions around the topic consumer buying preferences towards technological goods produced using sustainable business practices. The questionnaire took approximately 10 minutes to complete and participants were asked that the oldest member of each household should return the results by exterminate of the month. Surveys are one of the fastest methods to gather information nowadays, due the possibility to conduct them online as well.In the questionnaire participants of ages 30 and above were asked basic questions uniform name, email, sexual activity and age. Furthermore the questionnaire asked more specific questions like how would you best describe your household, annual household income, if participants would buy sustainable produced goods over normal competitors even if the price was teensy-weensy higher and more to gather information about consumers buying preferences.The questionnaire was designed to gather a lot of information in a short time. To achieve better results, phrases around the topic sustainability and sustainable business practices were formed so that participants had just to tick their favourite answers. Limitations in primary research may be that the sample size could be increased more by surveying under 30 year olds as well. Secondary research was undertaken with the aid of online databases like summon, whic h is a database for all kinds of academic articles. Also the survey was based online due to its efficiency, because nowadays majority of people have internet connection.5. ResultsWhen asked the question if participants would buy an electronic device which is produced using sustainable business practices rather than one that is not, even if it is more expensive 60% responded with yes. 15 % of participants responded with sometimes and 25% with no.Furthermore the research was refined and responses by household were considered as well, to get more details on consumer behaviourThe bar chart above illustrates that families with under 16 year old children are most likely to invest in sustainable produced goods, while elderly couples are least likely to invest in electronic devices. The most remarkable sign when looking at the bar chart is that all except the elderly couples seem to invest more in electronic devices produced using sustainable practices. Singles seem to care as well with res ponse of 3 votes indicating the value sometimes and 4 indicating yes.Families indicate 7 yes, 0 sometimes and 1 no. As seen families with under 16 year old children respond with 8 yes, 1 sometimes and 4 no. Overall couples, singles and elderly people seem to care less than families and families with under 16 year old children. The results could have been improved by study more questions and designing more charts for presenting and interpreting data. One more approach to improve the results would have been to increase the number of participants by giving under 30 year olds the opportunity to participate as well.6. ConclusionThe aim of this report was to investigate consumer behaviour in relation to sustainability. A survey was conducted to gather information and to see how participants would respond. Data collected using this method helped designing bar charts and pie charts, to illustrate percentages of participants voting for a specific answer. As conclusion majority of consumers prefer to invest in goods produced using sustainable business practices rather than products which are not, even if the price is higher.Families seemed to be most likely to invest, while elderly couples seemed not as much interested. Overall consumers tend to invest more in sustainable goods. Secondary research showed that environmental awareness may be a trigger for such decisions. This report also showed that companies investing in sustainability can insure a long run profitability in every sense, be it lowering production costs or driving up consumer and employee satisfaction.

Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency

Development of Location Detection System Using Passive counter sounder FrequencyChapter I.The Problem and Its BackgroundIntroductionHuman echo sounding is an tycoon of worlds to observe objects in their environment by feeling reverberations from those objects. By actively making sounds people trained to point themselves with echo sounding can construe the sound moving ridges reflected by nearby objects and be able to accurately placing their location.Background of the StudyInvention is the key to a cultivable and comfortable hereafter, the more advanced our lives turn in to the more convenience we receive, doing arduous undertaking be done with easiness and puting our human restrictions to greater highs, bargonly no affair how far we go on this pursuit of doing our lives more convenient clip is neer in our side and devolution comes along with it.Disabilities are hinderances that would halt ones life to be enjoyed to the fullest, people would necessitate to take therapies and ton ss of clip merely to get by up with what was lost from them, with the practice of invention we could do systems that would help others and be able to get by up and springy normal lives even with much(prenominal) dysfunctional variety meats or amputations.Blindness is a really common disablement among the peoples throughout the word. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 39 million are unsighted and 246 have low vision. About 90 % of the worlds visually impaired live in wording states. A individual who can non see at 6 metre nor has a field vision of 10or less is considered legitimately blind. 95 % of people classed as lawfully blind have some vision. To be classed as blind, there is a entire liberation of vision. They need help to walk and all other periodic indispensable plants. So we the advocates show a system that tries to take the expletive of sightlessness and do them self-dependent to make their day-to- day jobs. It is a coaction of multiple devices that stand by with one some other(prenominal) to supply navigational counsel by using the echo sounding and echo sounder.The system consists of multiple transceivers that are programmed with the usage of programmable circuits to stage out specified orders or bids that seasonably calculates the distance from one another to supply accurate readings of the location of objects and specific countries.Aims of the StudyThe general aim of this come is to develop a location sensing system that utilizes echo sounders like functionality.In line with this, the undertaking aims to accomplish the following specific aimsTo develop a navigational system that would supply assistance to the visually impaired or the blind.To build a system by using multiple transceivers that cooperate with one another and be able to pass on with the user via earphone and give accurate and effectual orders.To place the restriction of the system and what would function as a correctional response to the said jobs or any possible class of action.Significance of the StudySignificance of the survey is to supply assistance to handicapped people for them to populate normal unrecorded and be able to get by up from their loss and would non take tonss of clip merely to cover with.The following groups of people and organisations that will profit from the survey areFor the Blind The system would give assistance to the people that are blind for it provides pilotage with the usage of sound moving ridges that would move as their eye and give counsel by the agencies of giving the location and possible obstructors that they may meet.For the Visually Impaired The undertaking shed light to a possibility that they should non forethought sightlessness ( if their damage unluckily leads to blindness ) and would still be able to populate normal lives with the aid of the system.For the Students Our Undertaking proposal will function as mention and usher for the pupi ls to develop, innovate, better or make great and working thesis. This can give them proficient information largely in these present tendencies where wide engineerings upgraded.For Future Researchers Our proposed undertaking will assist them to give an thought about what they will gestate and better about this survey.Scope and RestrictionThe usage of The survey will undertake on supplying navigational assistance to the blind , It includes the survey about things that affect the sound wave that travels , The survey consists of multiple transceivers that cooperate with one another that makes a web or system , and The coverage of the survey entirely focuses on supplying assistance to the visually impaired by using echo sounder like functionality of the system could assist show the range while the usage of This survey is limited to people that are sing ocular loss , The survey does non cover elaborate information about the constituents but merely sufficient information to warrant its functionality , and It does non seek to include the application of the system in out-of-doorss plus the possible effects of certain appendages that could impact the system could assist show the restrictions.conceptual ModelIn order to successfully accomplish the coveted result of this survey, certain processs, demands and thoughts were guardedly discussed to gestate the projects design and development. After a long deliberation and brainstorming, one idea was agreed upon in which resulted into one construct.Fig. 1 Conceptual model of the surveyFig. 1 shows the conceptual model of the survey. It covers the three major parts the input that uses transceivers to bring forth and have sound that travel bowl air and bouncinesss off solid objects, the procedure that utilizes multiple transceivers that communicate with the nomadic transceiver by directing answers that would be processed by the transcriber and so delivered to the user by the agencies of the earphone, and the end product ph ases that provide the user existent clip calculation and update to the distance and whereabouts of the stationary transceiver and possible obstructors.Operational Definition of FootingsHuman echo soundingIs an ability of worlds to observe objects in their environment by feeling reverberations from those objects.SonarSoundNitrogenavigationAneodymiumRoentgenanging is a technique that usessoundpropagation tonavigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the H2O, such as other vass.DegenerationDeterioration and loss of map in the cells of a tissue or organ

Web – Based Library System

Overview of the Current State of Technology 1. 2. Local Literature De La S exclusivelye University depository library System Migration A Strategic Decision depository library automation at DLSU-Manila had undergone a gradual but steady exploitation. It started in 1985 when it implemented the MINISIS software/Hewlett Packard 3000 hardware package. The system was able to create 11,000 bibliographic records for Filipiniana and deferred payment collections. The massive hardware maintenance problem led to a trouble decision to phase away the system in 1988. At the later wear of the same year MINISIS was replaced by its micro version know as CDS-ISIS.The software with one stand-alone XT randomness processing system facility automated the indexing of articles from more(prenominal) than 100 local anestheticly published periodicals including newspapers, magazines, and journals. Additional infobases were created as the number of computers increased. The index became seeable simult aneously by several users when the computer facilities were networked in 1992. In the same year the CD-ROM applied science was introduced for instruction retrieval of selected indexes and abstracts.Perla T. Garcia, Director of DLSU library (2004) states the reasons for changes * Technical Development and vendor Stability Networking * Expansion of Databases Despite the struggle the DLSU Library encountered in running the system during the first two years the circulation module was successfully implemented in February 1997. Toward the end of the decade the system was upgraded incorporating the suggestions made by the participating libraries. The new version was renamed T-Series which enhanced the loan process and improved the other information management functions of the earlier edition. 1 The upgraded version of the system has become an inevitable feature at DLSU Library.However, when it was established that the vendor of the system has closed shop and has merged with another c ompany, the University Library started to work on the future of the library system that can be considered to replace T-Series. These reasons are admitd for the new system that will replace the T-series. Ateneo De Manila University overlord Library Information System The Library Information System uses a Local Area Network (LAN) for data retrieval handled by five point hordes housed in the Intermediate Distribution Function Room (IDFR).Its resources can be accessed thru 24 client displace strategically distributed within the Library and other stations located in different offices in APS such as AHRC, CLE and the Dean of the Law School. In-house databases and commercial databases on CD-ROMs can be accessed by pressing the recognize letter guide displayed alongside each menu. In the Reference Services, the reference librarian also rears reference assistance to library clients in the most legal use of the library resources and serve, aside from conducting guidance to legal bibl iography for law students.To provide a plentiful supply of good and useful books in adjudge of its faculty member curricula is the main goal of the library. Teresita C. Moran, APS Chief Librarian (2004) states the APS Library system features Online Public Access compose This is a catalog where library books, theses, computer files, law materials housed at the Teehankee Library inclusive of uncatalogued but accessioned materials such as serials, law and business periodicals, cases decided by the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and Philippine laws. Features Search limits to format (any,books, maps, computer files, and so forth ) Search limits to field (any title,author, subject, etc. ) Use both simple and complex algorithm using Boolean logic (AND, OR, NOT, etc. ) -It provides user-controlled sort (by title,author,publisher, etc. ) Work in conjunction with other modules Provide safe environment to deal with potentially malicious users Easily update for users convenience and accommodate their library needs It provides selection and print options Browse matches found in brief and full detail OPAC users are able to benefit greatly from up-to-date information Patron can see actual Circulation status whether the item is on shelf, on loan, etc. Password protected 2 WebPAC The Web Public Access Catalog is a guide to all the information sources to all the information sources of the library books, compact discs, educational video tapes, theses, journals/serials, laws, legal cases and journal articles by means of simple hunt club by author, title and subject.Features It enables the user to search any author, subject, title and publisher Specify year from-to Get current information from the librarys local database Includes matches found in your query Full MARC record display Applies to any standard internet browser (e. g. Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer) 3 The APS Library operates in an open muddle set up. It adapted two major systems of clas sifying book collections first is the Library of Congress (LC) Classification system. This system is applied to Business and Information Technology holdings randomness is the Los Angeles County Law Library Classifications (LACCLLC) scheme, which applies to the law holdings.Business and law journals are not classified as such but simply arranged alphabetically by title. The The rule is the general classification used for both business and law theses. University of the Philippines iLib (Integrated Library System) Technically, iLib is implemented in client-server architecture. In this configuration, all application programs run in the server (except for JavaScripts) and the user communicates with the server using a web browser, called the thin client in this architecture. No application is required to be installed in the users workstation other than the web browser to be able to use the system.All software updates, bug fixes, and enhancements are implemented in the server which can t ake centre immediately without requiring any updates or adjustments from the users end. 4 Just like any common web-based systems, users can interact with the iLib system using a keyboard and mouse. closely interfaces in iLib require the user to key-in information in HTML forms using the keyboard and submit form data by clicking the submit buttons with a mouse. In most cases, hitting the Enter key (carriage return) from the keyboard can also trigger form submission.Arellano University Library System The University Library comprises the future(a) collections and services Circulation Unit (foreign books on all fields of interest) Filipiniana Unit (books locally published in the Philippines, books written by Filipino author and books round the Philippines) Periodicals Unit (collection includes journals and magazines in various fields of interest) Reference Unit (collection of reference materials such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbook, almanac, geographical sources, etc. Aud io-Visual Unit (a collection of audio-visual materials such as CD-ROM, VHS tapes & cassette tapes) and the Graduate School Unit (collection of books for authority graduate level together with the thesis collection for reference purposes). As part of the library system, the adoption of computerized version of card catalog commonly known as OPAC (On-line Public Access Catalog) is used by the patrons as a medium of searching the library collection. Arellano University library system offers different amenities and nurture tools in comfortable environments which is intended for the greater benefit and convenience of its students.That is why they have improved their library with the use of OPAC to provide the users easiness and swiftly go through what they are looking for. Far Eastern University Library System The University Library is an indispensable educational and cultural repository. Refurbished and inaugurated on February 16, 1991 it has a book collection of more than 96,988 volumes and subscription to thousands of titles of magazines and journals in hard copies and in electronic format accessible through the EBSCO host Research Databases.The collection of books and other information resources fall under the following areas (easily accessible through the Online Public Access Catalog. The FEU University Library aspires to be a leading academic information resource center and to be a impulsive partner in the Universitys vision to develop responsible and well informed professionals who can contribute to the advancement of the global society. As usual nowadays, they provide an OPAC for easier researching of information from their libraries. 1. Foreign Literature Proposal for a University of Tennessee Digital Library Center James B. Lloyd (Special Collections Librarian and Chair, Digital Library Committee) and Bill Britten (Head of Library Systems, buns C. Hodges Library) (2001) states All students, faculty, and researchers would benefit in a variety of w ays because the digital format broadens and deepens access exponentially. All of the digital library topic would be visible(prenominal) to any number of authorized users at one time, no matter their location.Materials would be available for distance research and distance education. Access to digital content could be provided in ways that are simply not possible in the traditional environment. Text can be available fully searchable through natural language, multimedia can be nested, references can be linked to other references, reference tools can be digitized and used to organize digital collections, etc. A digital library serves all of the constituents of the University in new and better ways by enhancing the research potential ofUniversity faculty on all campuses bit also serving the needs of distance education. 3 The DLC will be a catalyst for change by creating the organizational and technical building blocks that allow the campus to regard of new ways of creating, accessin g, and applying information resources to research and teaching. It will select, produce, and maintain a wide range of networked resources for scholars and students at UT and elsewhere.It will collaborate with University information technology professionals and research faculty to capitalize on institutional capabilities by focusing University resources on digital library projects that support the teaching and research of UT faculty, support the learning and research of UT students, and foster research about the digital library. An Intelligent Digital Library System for Biological Data Jeffrey E. Stone et al (2005) To restore personalized service possible, a user profile representing the preferences of an individual user is constructed based upon past activities, goals indicated by the user, and options. Utilizing these user profiles, our system will make relevant information available to the user in an appropriate form, amount, and level of detail, and especially with minimal user effort. 4 Due to the goal to serve the users better, a user profile is provided in the system. The user can personalized it and will have the ability to explore the system without much effort.It also allows the user to make feedbacks about the system, so that the system will know about the users areas of interest. The system is designed to act as a helper for the user who visits the digital library to find relevant information, with particular attention to the newly developed and modified documents in it. State University of New York Library System The Office of Library and Information Services in SUNY (1999) states their objectives about the library system.It includes * Consortia-based capabilities such as union catalog and non-mediated requesting of library materials. * Excellent performance for all participating libraries. * baron of the consortia to distribute the system across different servers, provide real-time mirroring of essential data, and permit the pooling of systems staff across the libraries. * The ability for the system to support the combined traffic load of SUNY libraries on all 64 campuses. A state-of-the-art integrated library system that provides access to public services, collection management, and technical services functions.* A system that enables each campus to view and maintain its own data with local control of profile and security configurations. * The ability to effectively convert data from the breathing library systems into a new format that will preserve and insure its continued development and preservation, as well as the ability to migrate data to new generations of library systems. Allow for the integration of electronic resources that are made available through the SUNYConnect initiative (e. g. , bibliographic and full-text databases, image databases, electronic journals, etc. ). * To provide a means of, or an interface to, user authentication and user authorization vis-a-vis the SUNY-wide borrowing of library materials .* The ability to exploit emerging technologies and information resources to raise the level of library services, facilitate an increase in staff productivity, and improve effectiveness. 5 These objectives are made because SUNY is committed to providing exceptional library and information services to the university community by implementing an integrated library management system of superior functionality and cost efficiency. These are the type of functionality the SUNY libraries are seeking to incorporate. In short, this proposed system is part of the SUNYConnect virtual library initiative to provide access to the entire SUNY library collection via a common library management system and to enable patron-initiated far borrowing.Harvards Library Digital Initiative Building a First Generation Digital Library Infrastructure Harvard University has funded a 5-year project to build a first generation production infrastructure to support digital library collections. Key project activities include education and consulting on core digital library issues (metadata, technical formats, reformatting, legal issues, preservation, interfaces and access), defining an overall technical framework, and the development of a core set of systems to support digital collections (catalogs and access tools, repositories, user interfaces, access management, and naming).A meaningful portion of the funding has been allocated to grants to University units for contents projects, intended to inform and test the developing infrastructure. 6 Harvard University has a large and unusually decentralized library system. Information technology and divided up information systems have been used increasingly in the past two decades to bring coherence to library services while maintaining the independence of the Universitys hundred or so libraries.Two years ago a task force of faculty, librarians, and administrative deans proposed that the University administration fund a project to (1) make Harvards growing digital collections persistent and easy to use, through the development of a common framework and infrastructure, through communication and coordination, and through the use of incentives for collaborative work (2) avoid wasteful duplicative development of digital library systems across the many independent departments of the University (3) help curators build digital research collections through education, expert advice, the provision of core services, and the development of a technical infrastructure and (4) integrate the new digital collections with Harvards strong traditional collections. Tokyo University Library System OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) / Multilingual OPAC You can search the resources using the OPAC system for journals held in entire University libraries, and books acquired in/after 1985. They are currently in the process of incorporating the materials acquired before 1985 into their electronic system. 7TheUniversity of Tokyo Libraryin Tokyo, Japan, consists of the General Library, which provides services for all students and researchers affiliated with the university, Komaba Library, which supports the studies of the first two years of undergraduate education, Kashiwa Library, which functions as the back number center for natural science materials, as well as more than 60 faculty/institution libraries in various academic fields. The library has the largest collection inJapan, holding a essence of over 8,000,000 books. Using the OPAC, the students can easily find what they need for their research and studies. The university is still maintaining the system to improve the services to provide for the users.

Brain and Language

Damasio and Damasio (1992) discussed the detailed mechanics of language processing by the human brain. Their article, first established a general understanding of much(prenominal) concepts as the brains ability to categorize and classify word-forms by the mediation of the human sensors. According to their article, the brains unexpendedfield and right hemispheres contains three neural bodily structures. The first extensive structure processes the non-verbal fight downations organizing object lenss, events, and relationships.Second structure, located only in the left hemisphere is responsible for producing the language through and with ph singlemes, phonemic and syntactic structures with the payoffing word-forms. They referred to the third structure as a mediating structure that can change the concept into the word form or vice versa. Their and discourse proceeded into the specifics of the brain anatomy and various effects of the damage or lesions of the portions of the brain. Their examples with the color recognition were particularly impressive when they described the condition known as achromatopsia lack of ability to perceive colors (i.e. seeing the environment in the shades of gray). The article was especially effective in describing the complicated mechanism git the color recognition, color categorization and classification, and producing the correct word-form for the specific color. The article argues against the traditionally thought the pictorial representations of the objects, persons, or any combination of the environmental experiences but alternatively the authors describe their theory of how records of neural activity are stored in the sensory and motor cortices.Such patterns of synaptic activity also act through and with tie-ups on which one particular object will associate with the patterns of color, shape, usage, tactile perceptions, and the feelings that a person has usually when using this object. The authors further state that the n eural actions that occur as the result of interaction between the person and the object happen in different functional areas of the brain and come together in areas of convergence of synaptic connections.Then devolve of the event and its associated experiences depend upon simultaneous reactivation of the neural actions inwardly the neuron assemblies when those fire simultaneously and reactivate the previously occurred patterns of neural activity. Simultaneously, the categorization and classification occurs in such similar or related neural actions are activated together. The categorization and classification abilities of the first neural structure make it possible to distinguish objects by their characteristics and function stored previously, as Damasio and Damasio describe the example with a coffee cup.Such recollection is perhaps responsible for the brains ability to express the formed inside concept and to understand a comprehensive input as the concept. The article further exe mplifies a curious condition in which a patient would jobless an ability to define a concept for a unique entity (like an animal species in the authors example). From this example, the reader would learn that the affected patient would not be commensurate to name any animal species (i. e. raccoon) nor would say its size, color, or shape.He would simply say animal when presented with the picture of a raccoon (Damasio Damasio, 1992). When describing the affect produced by the specific lesion of the portion within the left hemisphere, the authors wrote about the earlier discovery by Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke of the phenomenon called cerebral dominance which specifically pointed out at the left hemisphere as the organ responsible for the intersection and processing of human language in 99 percent of right-handed and two-thirds of left handers. The article confirms these study by briefly discussing the research by Edward Klima of the University of California at San Diego and Ursu la Bellugi of the Salk Institute of Biological Studies in San Diego who nourish discovered that aphasia (condition that impedes language-interpreting ability) is caused by damage to the particular division of the left hemisphere of the brain. Using the aphasic patients, the investigators were able to map the neural activities responsible for the formation of the language and its interpretation (also including other variations of language such as sign language) (Damasio & Damasio, 1992).With having a map in front of them, the neuroscientists and other field investigators would be able to specify exactly which function would be impaired as the result of damage to which portion of the left hemisphere. This would also extend to the predictive ability as far as other functions of the whole language production mechanism are concerned. Example of such can be actual production of speech sounds, intonation (i. e.speaking in a flat tone, yearn pauses between the words and defective grammar ), the impairment of associative and habit learning, production of nouns, production of verbs (nouns and verbs are produced and processed in different regions), difficulty understanding meanings that represent the syntactic structures, and the inability to understand the meaning of non-reversible passive structures. The authors further attempt to defend their point of view in favor of the mediating system between the structure that is responsible for concept processing and the system that actually produces word and word structures.According to them, the mediating systems function would be that of the selection of the correct meaning of lexicon or that connecting the concepts interrelationship. It is understood that mediation system is mostly activated when the person attempts to understand the comprehensive input. The purpose of comprehension sets in motion the mediating system that is capable of carry associative connections between the concepts, particular experiences, and genera lized experiences together. To exemplify their view, the authors mention A. N. and L. R.as patients who have a problem in retrieval of commonalty nouns representing certain entities. Their deficit in the specific word-form retrieval is causes by their inability to activate the mediation system that deprives them of the ability to bring the connection between the concepts (i. e. of the noun and what that noun represents as far as the object and its function). Damasio and Damasio explained such selective deficiency by stating that the selectivity in conceptualization of entities depends upon the absence or presence of the personal relation of the patient to the entity/concept.By loosing the function of some regions of the left hemisphere, the patients will respond by loosing the specific speech/conceptualization function that is mapped to that region. In A. N. and L. R. case it was the damage to anterior and midtemporal cortices that rendered them unable to pick may common nouns. The article concludes with the detailed discourse into the studies by the group of researchers at Washington University.Specifically, this group was interested in the production and interpretation of verbs and functors and how the nouns can be liaise together with the appropriate actions, like the noun apple would mediate with the verb eat. Their conclusions illustrated a situation in which the damage to the certain left hemisphere regions would disrupt such association rendering the patient unable to produce the appropriate verb and further disrupting their use of grammar (Damasio & Damasio, 1992).The article was comprehensive in its purpose in terms of being able to describe the complex structure and function of the left hemispheres regions responsible for processing, production, and mediation of the components of human language. The only critique of the article that I have is that the authors attempted to place too much of very specific information into a very small format. The co mplexity of the concepts behind the message would be snap off delivered if more practical examples were used and the text would be delineated with a larger number of lay terms.In general, the articles audience appeared to be professionals or paraprofessionals who already had a significant understanding within the field. It would be difficult to understand for people with a limited knowledge and background within the field. The illustrations were adequate and the sources appropriate in both quality and quantity. My suggestion for the further research would be targeting the Visio-Spatial Memory Units that are units of memory assembled from different perceptual input within the Working Memory (Baddely, 1992).Further, my suggestion would be to investigate the alternative approaches to the definition and theoretical function-ability of the short-term memory. References Baddeley AD. 1992. Working memory. Science 255556-59 Damasio, A. R. , & Damasio, H. (1992). Brain and Language, Scienti fic American, pg. 89- 95, Retrieved June 28, 2007 from http//www. utdallas. edu/wkatz/Proseminar_articles. html

Methods Section: How Work Affects GPA

To assess the influence of employment on the grade point average of students who are either part m or full time employed, the researcher prepared a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions. The open ended questions were meant to provide greater insight into the subject. Responses to such questions that the researcher considered worthy of product line were recorded in the Discussions section of the study. The closed ended questions, on the other hand, provided the researcher with quantitative data. An analysis of the answers to the closed ended questions utilized descriptive statistics, the roughly important of which was the mean value of the variable in question (See Questionnaire in the Appendix).The researcher identified fifteen students who were engaged in full time employment, prescribed fifteen more who were employed part time. Participants in each of the groups were selected out of the student population based on the researchers discretion preferably than random selection. The selected participants in the study had first of all to sign an Informed Consent form to declare that they understand that they are participating in a research study to understand the influence of employment on the grade point average.Also on the Informed Consent form was a signed record of the researcher, claiming that the data collected through the questionnaire as well as the results of the research would not identify the participants name. In other words, all selective information gathered through this research is confidential with respect to the names of the participants in the study (See Informed Consent form in the Appendix).Following the agreement of the students to participate in the study as indicated on the informed consent forms that each individual subject was required to sign the participants,divided into two groups based on the in a higher place mentioned criteria, received the questionnaire designed by the researcher. The verbal instructions given the participants were simply to answer all questions honestly, and to turn in their completed questionnaires by the end of the calendar week during which the questionnaires were handed out. The participants, upon being handed out the questionnaires, were also asked to feel free to contact the researcher at any time in order to rate any questions that would emerge in the process of the completion of the questionnaire.Once the participants had submitted their questionnaires on time to the researcher, the latter began qualitative and quantitative analysis on the collected data.

The Great Gatsby Children’s Story

Once upon a time in a faraway forest called West Egg, there lived a friendly mathematical group of happy chipmunks. Their names were Daisy, Myrtle, Tom and Jay. knave 2 At this time, winter was coming and the friends were busy gathering acorns. page 3 One day, when the chipmunks were gathered to enjoy Myrtles collection, she realized they were missing (Where are all my acorns? ) PAGE 4 One by one, all the chipmunks realized that their acorns had been stolen. PAGE 5 A town meeting was called and the chipmunks agreed to help each other by racing to gather more acorns.The winner that found the most acorns would get to rebound at the front of the Harvest Parade. PAGE 6 Tom was determined to win. He was on his way to tell his best friend Daisy about his formulate when he ran into Myrtle. PAGE 7 Tom, seeing how upset Myrtle was, offered to help and be on her team. Daisy could easily find acorns without him (Myrtle Ill never find as many acorns as you ) PAGE 8 Meanwhile, Daisy sat alo ne in her room waiting for Tom to come over with his plans PAGE 9 Finally, Daisy unyielding to go find Jay to play and ask if he wanted to find acorns together. Daisy Well, if Toms not coming, Im going to find Jay) PAGE 10 The race to win was on between the two teams (Picture of Tom and Myrtle together on one side, and Daisy and Jay together on the other) PAGE 11 Tom and Myrtle started searching for acorns in East Egg first off thing in the morning. They didnt have much luck finding acorns. They looked mettlesome and low. In the park. By the lake. Around the forest. And even high up in the trees (pictures of the different places and some acorns sentences scattered along the page) PAGE 12 Daisy overslept on the first day of the competition, but Jay was prepared and on time.While he waited for Daisy to fix her hair, he made cookies and packed lunch. PAGE 13 When the team finally left the house, they hurry on their way and found lots of acorns They looked high and low. In the park. By the lake. Around the forest. And even high up in the trees (copy page 11 format) PAGE 14 A week went by and Tom and Myrtle were getting upset because they STILL werent finding any acorns. PAGE 15 Meanwhile, Jay and Daisy had a whole basket full PAGE

Compare war poems Essay

Many terrible things happened in World War 1 or the colossal War. For me one and only(a) of the main points were the injustice of it all, how the officer class treated the young ordinary soldiers, mostly from the civilizeing class, I have chosen two poems by Siegfried Sassoon which survival of the fittest up on these themes hateful Details and Does It Matter? In both these poems, Sassoon uses chaff to magnify his feelings of both anger and frustration, and this makes both poems particularly poignant. In Base Details, Sassoon portrays the role of an army commander back at headquarters (the Base), come up away from the front line.As soon as you tape Base Details you can tell how much Sassoon hates these base areas, in which the generals lay behind. The sarcasm he uses is so utterly obvious of his hatred and he shows this by using a simple rhyming scheme as if a ? Even in the title, Sassoon begins his sarcasm by punning on the enounce Base i. e. describing both the place, but also the base behaviour in his view of the people there. Sassoon shows his disgust for such people by portraying custody who took themselves so seriously, in their bright red uniformsIf I were fierce Id live with scarlet Majors , but are in realness pathetic, puffing figures bald, and short of breath What Sassoon particularly hated was how these pompous people sent miserable young men to die at the Front expedite glum heroes up the line to death Whilst they were safely tucked away at Base, eating and drinking the best of food and wine Guzzling and swig in the best hotel It was so irritating hearing the puckish words of sympathy poor young chap, I used to know his father wellAnd of course when the war was over, these officers could return safely and uninjure to England, unlike countless millions of ordinary soldiers and other officers And when the war is done and youth stone dead, Id toddle safely home and die in bed. Every line drips with sarcasm which powerfully brings ou t the unfairness of how the war was conducted. This brings me to my second point, and what happened when the many injured soldiers returned to Britain, which is what is Does it Matter? is about.In this poem, Sassoon deals with soldiers with physical and mental injuries of all sorts. losing your legs losing your sight those dreams from the pit Having returned, people at home tried to be nice and understanding, but rattling had no appreciation of how these words would be felt as patronising and how it is to feel you are being pitied in this way. Sassoon again uses a form of sarcasm here, although less bitter than in Base Details. In each of the three stanzas of this poem, Sassoon asks with ironyDoes it matter? that the soldier had such and such an injury when it understandably matters whether you have lost you legs, or sight or are going out of your mind with awful nightmares. In each case he paints a picture of how hurtful and frustrating it was for these soldiers to hear peopl e at home almost dismiss their injuries, when they can then happily go about their give birth lives in a way that the soldiers cannot when the others come in after hunting (with legs ) It really was so patronising, even if unintentional, to sayThere is such splendid work for the blind Or And people wont say that youre mad For theyll know that you fought for your country And no one will worry a bit. It is really like saying there, there to a child. War is always an awful thing, and causes much misery for all concerned. In the above poems about the Great War, Sassoon focused on two aspects, the awful unfairness of how ordinary soldiers were sent to their death by useless and vain superiors, and the anguish of those who returned injured caused by the patronising pity of those at home.

Curfews: Law and Certain Regulation Apply

Brittaney Weeams Mr. Dutro-Adkins 4TH Hour English November 27, 2012 Curfews Do they really work? Yes What is a Curfew Curfew is an order specifying a time after which certain regulation apply. In opposite words an order made by the government or your family to be theatre at a certain time. Many cities have enforce curfew over the past years and in most of those cities the curfews has bring d induce several crimes. Curfews be apply to tally and to keep young teens off the streets and let on of trouble.Although people heart that theres no portend in curfews and it doesnt keep our youth out of trouble, I on the some other hand shadeing that curfew does keep our youth out of trouble and is very much needed all over the grasp together States. Why? Because if we didnt have curfews, there would be expressive style more convicted crimes. There is currently 276 cites that oblige curfews so far. Theres 6 ways to dictate curfew into place, involve your teen, communicate clear ly, except the consequences, represent limits, be reasonable, Negotiate, and communicate.For employment In San Diego, California crimes have dropped by 20% and in Dallas Texas and New siege of Orleans theirs have dropped by 40%. This is a prime example wherefore curfews been a big swear out so far. I feel like curfews shouldnt be the governments job. Since they are the ones who oblige it, parents should respect that by taking on the responsibility for their own pincer and should know where their nipper is at every take a shitn time. Parents can also give their barbarian open space to work and flow after school activities, If theyre bequeathing to obey. And once they feel that their child is responsible then they could give them the freedom they deserve.I believe the interdiction of curfews will help correspond the importance of curfews all over the States if its enforced right by parents. There are many penalties for expireing the law, non simply(prenominal) childre n face penalties, parents do to. Parents can face up to a 500 dollar fine and if they disdain to pay their fines theyll be placed in jail for a limited time of 90 days. Their only able to get charged if their aware of their child gradual around after curfew hours. Teens caught after midnight is interpreted home by an officer. Every city has a distinguishable penalty.For example in Peoria IL my home town the child is fined 500 dollars and the part is sometime logical by the court to do conjunction service. Friends are sometime the blame for your child disobeying and breaking curfews. whatsoever children hang around the wrong crowd. creation younger they just might be little following and think its cool to break curfew and to do all the things that their bad friend do. Some friends could regulate your child under peer printing press and could force them to do the wrong thing. Thats why its best for parents to know who their child friends, their background signal and are and are they good leaders.Yes it may sound a little over protective exactly sometimes you have to do what you have to do for your childs own safety. I used to hate curfews when I was younger fireing up. I position it was cool too stay out super late and kick it I mean why non everyone else was doing it. As I grow older I made a promise to not only myself but my family as hale to follow all the laws. And growing up seeing other people give the law and their parents delicate times made me want to do better. After range Curfews I still believe that curfews will work if they are enforced right by not only the law but parents as well.As long as you stay aware of your childs where abouts and stay on them about curfew and get a good understanding with your child about the law and whats suppose to be and whats not suppose to be done everything will be okay. Its not only your childs decisiveness its yours as well. You make the decision for your child. SOURCES http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/curfew http//debatepedia. idebate. org/en/index. php/Debate_Child_Curfews http//www. boston. com/ alliance/moms/blogs/child_caring/2009/12/city-imposed_curfews_do_they_really_keep_kids_safe. html www. ncpa. org/sub/dpd/index. php? Article_ID=11240Curfews Law and Certain statute ApplyBrittaney Weeams Mr. Dutro-Adkins 4TH Hour English November 27, 2012 Curfews Do they really work? Yes What is a Curfew Curfew is an order specifying a time after which certain regulation apply. In other words an order made by the government or your family to be home at a certain time. Many cities have imposed curfew over the past years and in most of those cities the curfews has reduced several crimes. Curfews are used to discipline and to keep young teens off the streets and out of trouble.Although people feel that theres no point in curfews and it doesnt keep our youth out of trouble, I on the other hand feel that curfew does keep our youth out of trouble and is very much needed all over th e United States. Why? Because if we didnt have curfews, there would be way more convicted crimes. There is currently 276 cites that enforced curfews so far. Theres 6 ways to put curfew into place, involve your teen, communicate clearly, except the consequences, set limits, be reasonable, Negotiate, and communicate.For example In San Diego, California crimes have dropped by 20% and in Dallas Texas and New Orleans theirs have dropped by 40%. This is a prime example why curfews been a big help so far. I feel like curfews shouldnt be the governments job. Since they are the ones who enforced it, parents should respect that by taking on the responsibility for their own child and should know where their child is at every given time. Parents can also give their child open space to work and attend after school activities, If theyre willing to obey. And once they feel that their child is responsible then they could give them the freedom they deserve.I believe the interdiction of curfews will help control the importance of curfews all over America if its enforced right by parents. There are many penalties for breaking the law, not only children face penalties, parents do to. Parents can face up to a 500 dollar fine and if they refuse to pay their fines theyll be placed in jail for a limited time of 90 days. Their only able to get charged if their aware of their child lingering around after curfew hours. Teens caught after midnight is taken home by an officer. Every city has a different penalty.For example in Peoria IL my home town the child is fined 500 dollars and the part is sometime ordered by the court to do community service. Friends are sometime the blame for your child disobeying and breaking curfews. Some children hang around the wrong crowd. Being younger they just might be little followers and think its cool to break curfew and to do all the things that their bad friend do. Some friends could put your child under peer pressure and could force them to do the wro ng thing. Thats why its best for parents to know who their child friends, their background and are and are they good leaders.Yes it may sound a little over protective but sometimes you have to do what you have to do for your childs own safety. I used to hate curfews when I was younger growing up. I thought it was cool too stay out super late and kick it I mean why not everyone else was doing it. As I grow older I made a promise to not only myself but my family as well to follow all the laws. And growing up seeing other people give the law and their parents hard times made me want to do better. After reaching Curfews I still believe that curfews will work if they are enforced right by not only the law but parents as well.As long as you stay aware of your childs where abouts and stay on them about curfew and get a good understanding with your child about the law and whats suppose to be and whats not suppose to be done everything will be okay. Its not only your childs decision its your s as well. You make the decision for your child. SOURCES http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/curfew http//debatepedia. idebate. org/en/index. php/Debate_Child_Curfews http//www. boston. com/community/moms/blogs/child_caring/2009/12/city-imposed_curfews_do_they_really_keep_kids_safe. html www. ncpa. org/sub/dpd/index. php? Article_ID=11240

Debate whether downloading of music through the internet is ethical or not Essay

Music is cardinal of the countless arts that represent the world as it is and sometimes untold better- what it should be. Aside from this cliche, the world of medicinal drug is being torn between legal issues of buc give the sackeering and what others title of respect to be the inherent natural rights of individuals who would want to find out to symphony- desolate access. The internet provides unity of the virtu onlyy let loose access portals for those who would want to become the euphony of their choice, hardly the question remains- is it good to get something for let go of when it is legally established to have a tendering value?In more simple basis- is it honorable to divert music online? Joseph, Francis, Angelo, Kairos, Karina and Angelina have been friends for almost a decade now. They met in their high school years, now they have decided to pursue different paths for their college education. Joseph entered college under a political program of business adminis tration Kairos pursued a similar course under the program of economics. Karina and Angelina who both sh atomic number 18d undying passion specialized in two major art subjects. Karina studied arts and letters while Angelina enrolled in a program of music.Angelo, the techno savvy of the group enrolled to be an in levelation technology specialist someday. And lastly, Francis the most authoritative of them all enlisted in the police academy to become a member of the police force someday. All of them ar dexterous in their pursued recognizes, but there are things that remain the same their friendship and their enthusiasm to listen to music. It became a habit for them to meet up during weekends to sop up up over dinner, share a duet of laughs and go back to their mishaps and fun times when they are hushed in high school.In one of their dinner at Kairos place, they chose to play a concert video of Alicia Keys but then something happened to Angelina (against) Angelina Kairos, this is a enough DVD where did you get it? I did not know that they have already released this one. (pro) Kairos They already have that one in Dantons record bar down the street, but it is pretty expensive. I did not bought it, Angelo got it, (joking) it is no secretour friend has pretty cool tricks in front of a computer. (pro) Angelo Hey man, stop bragging well-nigh it.I might end up downloading whole day for these guys. It is pretty boring man, if its not free, I wont bother at all. (pro) Kairos Hey Angelina, are you ok? Do you feel something do by? Or are you just too mesmerized with the glories of downloading? (against) Angelina Youre unbelievable (pro) Karina Hey Kairos, I think you fool a wrongvery wrong button. (pro) Kairos huh? (against) Angelina You are unbelievable You are to busy computing how much you can save you became a common thief. (pro) Kairos Are you serious? What did I do?(against) Angelina You have often stolen something and yet you act as if nothing happened. You and Angelo you both favor convenience without its obligations. (pro) Kairos I did not slip anything do not put that on me. Angelo is the one who downloaded. But still, I cannot see your point wherefore you are overacting. (against) Angelina Ok, I testament indulge you and downloading accomplice in the implications of what you have buste, shall I get started? Downloading is theft because- (Angelo interrupts). (pro) Angelo Its free, get a computer and link it to the internet.You will find there its free you cannot steal something which is free. Thats the glory of it, free downloading it is FREE and logically it will be free point from your so- called obligations . (against) Angelina That is not the point, the point is just like any other form of art Alicia Keys concert is the resolution of her hard work and even painstaking attempts to create something exemplary beautiful. You stole that from her by not purchase the original copy of her concert and opting to download a mere d uplicate of her work.(pro) Kairos Last time I checked written text companies, reap off a lot from the original copies, not the artist. The competition between record labels is too superficial for ordinary citizens, just like me and Angelo to purchase the original copy. Original copies are too expensive it is like a monopoly of record labels, prices do not compete . And with what I learned, the recording industry without competition is no wideer viable as a form of market. (against) Joseph Excuse me, but I think the likes of you and Angelo are the reason for the increase in the prices of original copies.Companies compensate for their losses from free downloads and other forms of piracies . Kairos, above everyone else in this room you should know that, your studying economics right? (pro) Kairos Yes I am, what you are saying is profit making. I am standing on the notion of free. (against) Francis Come one man, what you claim to be free as contested by Angelina is not free at all I t hink, you are using the word in a wrong mien. (against) Angelina You cannot financially categorize the deeds of others for your benefit. It is received that the music industry is highly privatized.And it has a very good reason to do so music is private in the sense that it is the fruit of the musician and singer. The prices are high plain because music is an origination in its simplicity . The creation of an innovation is one thing, but guarding and protecting it from the likes of you and Angelo is another thing. (pro) Karina I dont know for music which is highly commercialized, I think individuals who want to access into a form of art should be allowed to do so as long as it is permitted by the artist. I interrogative that a real artist would deny such privilege.(against) Angelina Karina, you are an artist yourself or at least(prenominal) someone who is aspiring to be. How can you reach your dreams if your early first steps are being trampled by piracy such as that experience d by starting out musicians in free music downloading? (pro) Karina Pirated works are usually that of already made stars, free downloading has minimal effects to starting musicians since their works are not there in the first place . Websites do not host unpopular music files. As a matter of fact, only 1% of websites have more than 50% of the world-wide traffic in the internet .In short, starting bands are usually and probably exempted. (pro)Angelo What Karina told is true in both statistics and even in logic. Angelina, some starting bands even welcome the idea of being pirated simply because it is a good venue to be established in the music industry which is dominated by bigger music labels . (against) Angelina No matter what statistics you would use, it is unethical because it is stealing in the first place and will forever be stealing. (against) Francis It is true that it is stealing but only through a different way such as the internet .That difference makes some individuals as sume that they are doing nothing wrong, but genuinely they are. (pro)Kairos Well, we can look at this issue through multi perspectives and that what makes it problematic. We can argue regarding this issue for a long time, but nonetheless we will never arrive at a common ground. (against) Angelina So guys, since the bailiwick can be debated indefinitely can we just leave the topic alone and continue to live according to our principles and promise to compromise in the presence of another contradicting principle?(against) Angelo Hey, what friends are for? All agree to give up on the debate and just enjoy the rest of the night with stories that would allow them to catch up with each other. Their circle of friendship grew stronger after such a healthy debate all of them without exemption learned to compromise. Impact Statement The issue of free downloading music through the internet can be debated on different point of views and starting points. Due to this nature, up to date the debat e whether music should be a free initiative at some levels is still questionable.Issues on it being ethical are not solely debatable in the light of being a free enterprise or a private intellectual property it can also be debated on the perspectives of economics and profiteering. There are countries that allow free downloading of music such as China, so in terms of citizenship in relation to the issues on ethics behind free downloading of music the countries ruling are still the end of it all. No matter how long debates can be, it can only affect public touch sensation nonetheless the law will still hold. After watching this group of friends argued on the topic.It can be said that the main question is wrong and prejudicial. Is it ethical to STEAL music online? should be replaced by Is it ethical to DOWNLOAD music online? Bibliography 123HelpMe. com. Copyright Laws, Napster and Personal Ethics. www. 123HelpMe. com. 30 April 2010 . Albert, Pete. Music Piracy Is downloading music ethical? 2010. 30 April 2010 . Arrington, Michael. Stealing Music Is It Wrong Or Isnt It? 31 March 2009.Techcrunch. com. 30 April 2010 . Easley, Robert. Ethical Issues in the Music Industry Response to Innovation and Piracy. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 62, No. 2 (2005) 163-168. Johnson, Eric J. , et al. On the shrewdness and Dynamics of Online Search Behavior. Management Science, Vol. 50, No. 3 (2004) 299-308. Storey, Michael. Music Piracy Is downloading music ethical? 2010. 30 April 2010 .

Conservative vs. Liberal

Conservative vs. imperfect Dimitri Khago PSY/201 Sunday, August 05, 2012 Mariah Degruy Conservatives vs. patient ofs Not just as Americans but as hu homosexual beings we any indigence the akin basic things in our daily lives. We all seek freedom and yearn for prosperity. We all seek for what is delightful in life and not just our lives separately, but the lives of our nations good deal. We want less people to suffer as much as possible, especially our children. We all seek the best for our health being. We all want a crime free nation and crime free streets in our communities.We all want a freedom to speak and voice our opinions yet the wiz major key argument is how do we achieve all of these? With all that has been going on in our nations economy, we begin to snap iodine of the really most important, yet controversial political issue that we are facing plentiful or Conservative? Although we are united as a whole nation, but when concerning our nations political policies we are truly much divided. Each of us has our accept beliefs and our own opinion, but the dish of this is that this is what makes this country.This belief was instilled in our bloods from the day this great nation was formed, by our political forefathers up until now. We slightlytimes reverberate these beliefs Left or Right based on the political spectrum. The political spectrum We relieve oneself learned to fail conservativist toward the nation, our nations people and our nations policies, as well as we keep back over learned to become liberal toward the nation, our people and our nations policies. Which is contain you might ask, that all depends on every individuals different view and opinion to do what is sound and best for them?Conservatives and Liberals differ on what they cerebrate is correct for the regime. They seek different essential of necessity, different government course of study survive, different social views, and very different economic views. As hu mans we all seek the same basic needs to live. These needs are Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of happiness a well-known phrase from the United soils Declaration of Independence. We all take in the right to lead our own life in which we so choose. We all beat the right to have our belief and make our own decisions and stand to our own judgments.The most important matter is that we have the right to do whatever it takes to make ourselves feel happy without harming anyone one stepping over the boundaries of others. In order to cling to our individual human rights the bill of rights were established. These laws which allow the people the ability to live by these deserved rights as a human being are what distinguish us from a free person and one who is not free. If one is convicted of a felony these particular laws spoken of are no longer valid to them the right to vote, the right to serve on a jury, and the right to bear arms are all void.Although some states are adjusting these laws t o their own liking, you as a criminal are no longer privileged to take part in these opportunities because of the crime committed, they are therefore taken away from you Other states may permanently ban felons from voting even after being released from prison, parole, and probation, and having paid all their fines. (State Felon Voting Laws). thither are numerous programs in which our government runs, and many of these programs are the split between the conservative or the liberal side.Liberals seem to view their government better as a larger government and support those programs which make this a reality. These include many programs, but one in particular is welfare. In the eye of a liberal, this program is looked very highly upon. It helps those in need the ability to stand on their feet and not be out on the street. Although ideally this is a great help, but nowadays in our country, many people seem to take advantage of this opportunity and cheating the rest of society who need t his help.With the educational program, a liberal supports not plainly public schools and a higher teacher salary, but similarly smaller classroom for the students. They support the idea that the classrooms should not be thirty-plus children, but also smaller much controlled environment Vouchers take money away from public schools. (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). Now if you were to ask a conservative about education, they believe in the art of competition School vouchers create competition and therefore advertise schools to improve performance. (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). Schools should be all private so that they compete with lower costs and the parents have the opportunity to decide where they want their child to attend, and what kind of education they want for their child. Another program a conservative strongly believes in is canceling all the failed social support programs. Why should a country clear on to a program that is not helping anyone that is in nee d of the assistance, but financially accompaniment those well off, and are working and supporting their own families.Although being in the twenty-first century has expand our view upon socialistic views, conservatives feel that we should not change our ruling on marriage and that it must preserve traditional between a man and a cleaning woman. Since America was founded on grounds of religious freedom, and the leger was and is our most highly looked upon views, conservatives feel that we shall stick to these traditional views and not support the idea of abortion or embryonic stem cell research.One must not abort a child, since that is the same as get rid of Abortion is the murder of a human being. (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). One must also not introduce in stem cell research since that too is destroying a life. This is where the argument comes in on the Liberal side. Liberals believe it is not up to us to decide if marriage shall stay between a man and a woman, what i s so wrong with a man and man marrying or a woman and woman?Since this country was found on the principles of freedom and the rights to make our own decisions, the personal lives of Americans shall not be prescribe by the government because of what they think is right. It has not yet been proven that a fetus inside a woman is a child or a fetus. The argument remains that a child is only a child when it takes its first breath, or that a child is a child when it is conceived. Shouldnt the fret decide if she wants to give birth to this fetus?She will be bearing all the pain, so it should be her right to decide A woman has the right to decide what happens with her body. A fetus is not a human life, so it does not have separate individual rights. (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). Now if you can stay fresh a life wouldnt you? If you arent hurting anyone or anything with embryonic stem cell research, thence scientist should be able to harvest these stem cells to help a life Stem ce lls derived from embryos in the very earliest stages of development these cells have long been thought by scientists to have an xtraordinary potential for alleviating the suffering caused by conditions ranging from diabetes to Alzheimers disease to spinal cord injury. (Gold). Money is what runs the country, one thing these two political stances have in common are the want and need for more jobs. A conservative wants the federal government not to taxation the rich as high and should spend so much less. These big businesses should get the tax breaks they want and deserve to increase and generate their revenue, so that they can stimulate and keep the economy abiding and grow to be much stronger.Liberals on the other hand believe in sooner opposite of the conservative behalf they believe that the rich should be taxed more than the poor since they can afford to pay a little extra money in order to have a greater government The less government we have, the more liberty we have. (Amy) . They also approach with saying that these big businesses should be taxed more and pay a larger amount of income tax from their profits to help support and provide for Medi-Cal, Medic-Aid, and Welfare.In conclusion regardless on which of side of the political spectrum you stand with either you are a conservative or a liberal, at the end you center all your opinions to your own political beliefs based on your own personal ethics. With all that has been going on in our nations economy, we begin to analyze one of the very most important, yet controversial political issue that we are facing Liberal or Conservative? You must decide on your own what you feel the essential needs are, government program support, social support, or the economic support you feel your country shall provide you with.References Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. (2005). Retrieved from http//www. studentnewsdaily. com/conservative-vs-liberal-beliefs/ State Felon Voting Laws. (2012). Retrieved from http//felonvot ing. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=286 Amy, D. J. (2007). A Guide to Rebutting Right-Wing Criticisms of Government. Retrieved from http//www. governmentisgood. com/feature. php? fid=14 Gold, R. B. (2004). Embryonic Stem Cell Researcha antiquated Controversy New Debate. Retrieved from http//www. guttmacher. org/pubs/tgr/07/4/gr070404. html

Jean Piagets Theory Essay

Piagets theory is based on stages, whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking. Children in stage one can non think the alike as kidskinren in stage 2, 3 or 4 etc. Transitions from one stage to an new(prenominal) argon gener eachy very fast, and the stages always follow an unvaried sequence. Another consequential characteristic of his stage theory is that they are universal the stages will work for everyone in the sphere regardless of their differences (except their age, of course, which is what the stages are based on) Piaget acknowledged that there is an interaction between a tike and the environment, and this is a focal point for his theory.He believed a child cannot learn unless they are ever interacting with their environment, making mistakes and then learning from them. He defined children as lone scientists he did not disclose any need for teachers or adults in cognitive tuition. Children admit all the cognitive mechanisms to learn on th eir own, and the interaction with their environment fall by the waysides them to do so. To put this in perspective, another theory by Lev Vygotsky suggested that the interaction is not important at all the child will learn when encouraged to with an adults assistance. I will be explaining then contrasting Vygotskys theory to Piagets in my next federal agency so be sure to check back for that With the background of his theory explained, lets tang at The Key Concepts of Piagets theoryBefore explaining the main part of Piagets theory (the iv stages), its very important to look at some of the underlying principles behind it. Rather than put out a stupidly long paragraph explaining it all, I will write the draw terms in bold, then explain them in bullet points just to keep things simple Schema (pl. Schemata, although some hypothesize Schemas for the plural) Possibly one of the most important concepts put forward by Piaget, Schemata help item-by-items understand the world they i nhabit. They are cognitive structures that represent a certain aspect of the world, and can be seen as categories which acquit certain pre-conceived ideas in them. For example, my schema for Christmas includes Christmas trees, presents, giving, money, green, red, gold, winter, Santa Claus etc. nighone else whitethorn have an entirely different schema, such(prenominal) as Jesus, birth, Church, holiday, Christianity etc.Of course, there are schemata for all kinds of things yourself (self schemata), other people (people schemata), events/situations (event schemata) and graphic symbols/occupations (role schemata). With regards to Piagets theory, a child might have a pre-conceived schema for a tag. If the ho lend oneselfhold has a small West alpestrine White Terrier as a dog, the schema might be small, furry, four legs, white. When the child interacts with a advanced dog perhaps a Labrador, it will change to incorporate the unused tuition, such as big, golden, smooth etc. This is known asAssimilationSimply the suffice of incorporating new information into a preexist schema. So with the dog example, the child assimilated the Labradors information into the old dog schema. Assimilation is basically fitting new information into schemata we already have in place. Unfortunately, this can lead to stereotyping. For example, if an old noblewoman sees a pueriler mug another person, she might assimilate violence or crime into her teenage schema. Next time she sees a teenager, her schema will be applied to them and although they may be a kind person, she will probably show prejudice. Assimilation is normally a simple process, as new information already fits the pre-exisiting categories.AccommodationWhen coming crosswise a new object for the first time, a child will attempt to apply an old schema to the object. For consistency, lets use the dog example again. The child may have four legs, furry in their dog schema. When coming across another similar animal, such as a cat, they might say Look, a dog thats assimilation. However, when told that its actually a cat not a dog they will accommodate the new information into another schema. They will now form a cat schema not all four legged furry animals are dogs some are cats too. They have accommodated the new information. The process just mentioned of assimilation then accommodation is known as AdaptationAssimilation and accommodation are the two parts of interlingual rendition which is simply what it says adapting our schemata to make an accurate (enough) model of the world we live in. It is a form of learning, simply an entirely different form to the kind youd see in behaviorist psychology for example (such as operant/classical conditioning).EquilibriumPiaget suggested that humans naturally strive to come across a cognitive balance there must be a balance between applying prior knowledge (assimilation) and changing schemata to account for new information (accommodation). Piaget sug gested that when a child has a schema which doesnt fit reality, there is tension in the forefront. By reconciliation the use of assimilation and accommodation, this tension is minify and we can proceed to higher levels of thought and learning (equilibration).QUICK SUMMARY Children have schemata (cognitive structures that contain pre-existing ideas of the world), which are constantly changing. Schemata constantly undergo adaptation, through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. When seeing new objects there is a state of tension, and a child will attempt to assimilate the information to see if it fits into prior schemata. If this fails, the information must be accommodated by either adding new schemata or modifying the existing ones to accommodate the information. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, an equilibrium is created, reducing cognitive tension (equilibration).Vygotskys theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the victim isation of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of making meaning. Unlike Piagets notion that childrens discipline must necessarily result their learning, Vygotsky argued, learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of evolution culturally organized, specifically human psychological function (1978, p. 90). In other words, social learning tends to precede (i.e. come before) development. Vygotsky has developed a socio-cultural approach to cognitive development. He developed his theories at around the same time as Jean Piaget was starting to develop his theories (1920s and 30s), but he died at the age of 38 and so his theories are incomplete although some of his writings are still universe translated from Russian. No single principle (such as Piagets equilibration) can account for development.Individual development cannot be understood without reference to the social and cultural context within which it is embedded. Higher mental processes in the individual have their origin in social processes. Vygotskys theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways 1 Vygotsky places more strain on nicety affecting/shaping cognitive development this contradicts Piagets view of universal stages and content of development. (Vygotsky does not refer to stages in the way that Piaget does). 2 Vygotsky places well more emphasis on social factors contributing to cognitive development (Piaget is criticised for underestimating this). 3 Vygotsky places more (and different) emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development (again Piaget is criticised for lack of emphasis on this). effect of Culture Tools of intellectual adaptation alike(p) Piaget, Vygotsky claimed that infants are born with the basic materials/abilities for intellectual development Piaget focuses on motor reflexes and sensory abilities. Vygotsky refers to Elementary Mental Functions o Attentiono Sensationo perceptual experienceo MemoryEventually, through interaction within the socio-cultural environment, these are developed into more sophisticated and effectual mental processes/strategies which he refers to as Higher Mental Functions. For example, memory in young children this is limited by biological factors. However, culture determines the type of memory strategy we develop. E.g., in our culture we learn note-taking to aid memory, but in pre-literate societies other strategies must be developed, such as tying knots in string to remember, or carrying pebbles, or repetition of the names of ancestors until large numbers can be repeated.Vygotsky refers to tools of intellectual adaptation these allow children to use the basic mental functions more effectively/adaptively, and these are culturally determined (e.g. memory mnemonics, mind maps). Vygotsky therefore sees cognitive functions, even those carried out alone, as affected by the beliefs, values and tools of intellectual adaptatio n of the culture in which a person develops and therefore socio-culturally determined. The tools of intellectual adaptation therefore vary from culture to culture as in the memory exampleSocial Influences on Cognitive DevelopmentLike Piaget, Vygotsky believes that young children are curious and actively involved in their own learning and the discovery and development of new understandings/schema. However, Vygotsky placed more emphasis on social contributions to the process of development, whereas Piaget emphasised self-initiated discovery. According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful initiate. The tutor may model behaviours and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as co-operative or collaborative dialogue. The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to croak or regula te their own performance. Shaffer (1996) gives the example of a young girl who is given her first jigsaw.Alone, she performs poorly(predicate) in attempting to settle the puzzle. The father then sits with her and describes or demonstrates some basic strategies, such as determination all the comer/edge pieces and provides a couple of pieces for the child to put together herself and offers rise when she does so. As the child becomes more competent, the father allows the child to work more independently. According to Vygotsky, this type of social interaction involving co-operative or collaborative dialogue promotes cognitive development. In order to gain an understanding of Vygotskys theories on cognitive development, one must understand two of the main principles of Vygotskys work the More knowing Other (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).More Knowledgeable OtherThe more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory it refers to someone who has a better unde rstanding or a higher index level than the student, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an onetime(a) adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a childs peers or an adults children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience. For example, who is more likely to know more about the newest teen-age harmony groups, how to win at the most recent PlayStation game, or how to correctly perform the newest dance craze a child or their parents? In fact, the MKO need not be a person at all.Some companies, to support employees in their learning process, are now using electronic performance support systems. electronic tutors have also been used in educational settings to facilitate and guide students through the learning process. The key to MKOs is that they must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does.Zone of Proximal DevelopmentThe con cept of the More Knowledgeable Other is integrally related to the guerilla important principle of Vygotskys work, the Zone of Proximal Development. This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with counsel and encouragement from a skilled partner. For example, the child could not solve the jigsaw puzzle (in the example above) by itself and would have taken a long time to do so (if at all), but was able to solve it following interaction with the father, and has developed competence at this skill that will be applied to time to come jigsaws.Vygotsky (1978) sees the Zone of Proximal Development as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given allowing the child to develop skills they will then use on their own growing higher mental functions. Vygotsky also views interaction with peers as an effective way of developing skills and strategies. He suggests that teache rs use cooperative learning exercises where less competent children develop with help from more skillful peers within the partition of proximal development.